精密激光测距系统的研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 18:29

本文选题：脉冲激光测距　切入点：时间间隔测量　出处：《沈阳理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：激光测距技术以重复频率高、测量精度高、测量范围广、便携性等特点被广泛的应用于国防、航天、测绘等领域,论文研究设计了基于FPGA和TDC-GP21的高速精密脉冲激光测距系统。论文详细分析了高精度时间间隔测量技术,采用延迟线插入法实现了激光飞行时间间隔的测量,设计了基于TDC-GP21的高精度时间间隔测量模块;分析了时刻鉴别技术在激光测距中的应用,讨论了影响信号跳变的因素,设计了高通阻容时刻鉴别电路,通过理论建模和实验调试,减小系统的漂移误差;在分析影系统测量周期的因素的基础上,设计了基于FPGA的并行化控制单元,通过多层嵌套状态机模块控制系统测量流程,提高了系统的测量频率。论文通过Time Quest对系统的时序进行约束和优化,提高了系统的高频稳定性。通过配置TDC-GP21测量外部基准时钟信号完成校准补偿,对系统工作电压、外部温度环境等因素进行实时检测,并以此测量结果作为校准参数,提高系统的测量精度。实验对标定距离和测量区间进行了大量的实际测量,分析了TDC-GP21的内部噪声源对测量结果的影响,最后分析了系统的测量结果和误差,验证了系统在整个测量区间内的线性度。
[Abstract]:Laser ranging technology has been widely used in the fields of national defense, aerospace, surveying and mapping because of its high repetition rate, high accuracy, wide range of measurement and portability. In this paper, the high speed pulse laser ranging system based on FPGA and TDC-GP21 is designed, the high precision time interval measurement technology is analyzed in detail, and the measurement of laser time of flight interval is realized by using delay line method. The high precision time interval measurement module based on TDC-GP21 is designed, the application of time discrimination technology in laser ranging is analyzed, the factors influencing the signal jump are discussed, the high pass resistance and capacitance time discriminant circuit is designed, and the theoretical modeling and experimental debugging are carried out. On the basis of analyzing the factors of measuring period of shadow system, the parallel control unit based on FPGA is designed, and the measurement flow is controlled by multi-layer nested state machine module. The frequency of the system is improved, the timing of the system is constrained and optimized by Time Quest, and the high frequency stability of the system is improved. By configuring TDC-GP21 to measure the external reference clock signal to complete the calibration compensation, the working voltage of the system is compensated. The external temperature environment and other factors are measured in real time, and the results are used as calibration parameters to improve the accuracy of the system. A large number of practical measurements have been carried out on the calibration distance and the measurement range. The influence of the internal noise source of TDC-GP21 on the measurement results is analyzed. Finally, the measurement results and errors of the system are analyzed, and the linearity of the system in the whole measurement range is verified.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN249

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