铜阳极泥卡尔多炉处理工艺中碲化铜渣及文丘里泥综合提取碲的研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 16:33

  本文选题：文丘里泥　切入点：碲化铜渣　出处：《江西理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对目前铜阳极泥热压酸浸-卡尔多炉处理过程中,热压浸出液沉淀铜形成的碲化铜渣和卡尔多炉熔炼收尘产生的文丘里泥存在着高值化利用程度低、文丘里泥处理难度大、有价金属回收率低等问题,本文以碲化铜渣和文丘里泥为研究对象,结合在铜阳极泥卡尔多炉处理过程中碲的分布情况,据此规律开展碲化铜渣高值化利用、文丘里泥开路回收碲工艺研究,提出文丘里泥-碲化铜渣联合处理,完善铜阳极泥卡尔多炉处理工艺。通过分析各物质赋存状态,碲化铜渣中铜、碲以化合物形式结合,据此确定了硫酸化焙烧-水浸-碱浸-除杂-沉碲的实验方案。采用浓硫酸与碲化铜渣混匀后焙烧,系统考察了浓硫酸加入量、焙烧时间、焙烧温度、氧气氛围对焙烧效果的影响,并通过水浸除去焙烧产生的硫酸铜杂质。结果表明,在浓硫酸加入量为理论量的1.4倍,焙烧温度450℃,炉门开启状态下焙烧时间0.5 h条件下,铜、碲浸出率分别为65.53%、0.11%;通过对水浸渣物相分析,选择碱浸工艺回收其中碲。采用氢氧化钠处理水浸渣,系统地考察了氢氧化钠浓度、浸出温度、浸出时间、液固比对浸出效果的影响。结果表明,在浸出温度60℃,氢氧化钠浓度为100 g·L~(-1),液固比5:1条件下反应0.5 h,铜、碲浸出率分别达到8.00%、97.88%。通过对各物质赋存状态进行分析,结果表明文丘里泥成分复杂。采用碱性浸出体系处理文丘里泥,系统考察了氢氧化钠浸出文丘里泥,考察了氢氧化钠浓度、浸出温度、浸出时间、液固比对碱浸过程的影响。在氢氧化钠浓度60 g·L~(-1)、温度60℃、液固比5:1、浸出时间1 h的较优条件下浸出文丘里泥,碲浸出率达到96.10%。在较优条件下通过二段碱浸工艺处理文丘里泥,可有效抑制杂质铅的浸出,碲浸出率达到96.60%,铅浸出率低至3.73%。依据上述较优条件,对文丘里泥处理进行扩大化实验。扩大实验结果表明,通过采用二段碱浸工艺处理文丘里泥工艺简单可行,环境友好,经济效益显著。将二氧化碲粗产品进行分析后,采用氢氧化钠溶液溶解,制得用于电解碲产品的碲酸钠溶液。在电流密度80 A·m~(-2)、电解液流速30 ml·h-1、同极距5cm、室温条件下进行电解,可得到纯度为99.76%的阴极碲产品,电流效率为95.5%。本课题为完善铜阳极泥卡尔多炉处理工艺,开发碲化铜渣高值化利用,实现文丘里泥中金属碲的分离回收并提出新的联合处理方案,具有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:In the process of hot pressure acid leaching of copper anode mud with Caldor furnace, copper telluride slag formed by precipitating copper from hot pressure leaching liquid and Venturi mud produced by smelting and collecting dust in Calduo furnace have low value utilization degree, and it is difficult to treat the sludge in Venturi furnace. The recovery rate of valuable metals is low. In this paper, copper telluride slag and Venturi mud are taken as the research objects, and the distribution of tellurium in the treatment process of copper anode mud is combined, according to which the high value utilization of copper telluride slag is carried out. The open circuit recovery process of tellurium from Venturi mud was studied. The combined treatment of Venturi mud and copper telluride slag was put forward to improve the treatment process of copper anode mud by Kaldo furnace. By analyzing the existing state of various substances, copper and tellurium in copper telluride slag were combined in the form of compound. Based on this, the experimental scheme of sulfation roasting, water leaching, alkali leaching, impurity removal and tellurium precipitation was determined. The concentration of sulfuric acid, roasting time and calcination temperature were systematically investigated by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid with copper telluride slag. The influence of oxygen atmosphere on the roasting effect and the removal of copper sulfate impurity from roasting by water leaching are obtained. The results show that the copper is calcined at 450 鈩，

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