多激光束调焦与准直系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-03-27 16:56

  本文选题：激光　切入点：控制系统设计　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：激光技术作为新兴的高新技术领域,以其定向发光、亮度极高、颜色极纯、能量极大等优点,在光、机、电、材料和检测等多门学科上都有着广泛的应用。受到现代科技水平发展的限制,便携可靠的高功率激光器还处在研发阶段,这给激光技术在某些领域的应用带来了一定的约束。一种可行的解决方法是叠加多束激光的能量,使功率提高一个数量级。本文研究多激光束调焦与准直系统的设计与实现,该系统提供一种可搭载多个激光器的物理框架,通过多个三维线性平台实现对多束激光光路的独立控制,达到激光准直和调焦的目的。本文着重描述上述系统的硬件实现、控制系统设计和软件实现,对于多平台协同控制领域具有一定的现实参考意义。首先,本文给出了多激光束调焦与准直系统的总体设计方案。针对系统要求的0.022mm的静态定位精度和0.11mm的动态跟踪误差,给出了系统硬件设计的需求;针对系统要求的50Hz的控制周期和调焦平台和准直平台的手动、自动控制要求,给出了软件总体方案和实现方法。其次,进行了系统硬件的选型和性能校验。根据系统的结构限制和性能要求,选择了由VP-25XA高精度线性平台和PM-012线性平台组合而成的三维线性平台作为准直平台的执行器,LAC320音圈电机作为调焦平台的执行器。通过参数校验,验证了执行器能够满足系统的静态和动态性能要求,保证了硬件选择的合理性和系统实现的可能性。再次,为了满足系统的位置跟踪要求,对LAC320音圈电机进行了控制系统设计。研究了速度环、位置环双闭环控制策略,设计了PID控制器,并分析了校正后的速度环和位置环的阶跃响应特性曲线,以及二者对固定信号的跟踪性能曲线。最后,设计了上位机软件。软件主体利用C++语言编写,利用xml语言进行关键信息存储,利用MFC类库实现界面绘制,利用libxml2.dll类库进行xml文件的操作。算法方面,利用了AC算法提高了数据解析的效率,并改进了存储空间利用率;利用基于HASH表的快速查表法减少了开环调焦功能的执行时间;利用爬山算法和二分法,实现了闭环调焦功能,并提高了其执行效率。实验证明,上位机功能全部实现,算法有效。本文侧重于给出一个比较完整的系统设计流程,叙述了系统关键部分的设计思路和详细设计方法,通过分块测试,验证了系统各部分设计的合理性。测试结果表明,本文开展的多激光束调焦与准直系统的方案设计研究,实现了多激光束的调焦与准直的功能,并达到了控制精度要求和控制周期要求,较好的满足了设计需求。
[Abstract]:Laser technology as a new high-tech field, with its directional luminous, high brightness, extremely pure color, great energy and other advantages, in light, machine, electricity, Materials and testing are widely used in many fields. Limited by the development of modern science and technology, portable and reliable high power lasers are still in the research and development stage. This brings some constraints to the application of laser technology in some fields. One feasible solution is to stack the energy of multi-beam laser and increase the power by an order of magnitude. In this paper, the design and implementation of multi-beam focusing and collimation system are studied. The system provides a physical framework for carrying multiple lasers and realizes the independent control of multi-beam laser path through multiple three-dimensional linear platforms. The aim of laser collimation and focusing is achieved. The hardware implementation of the system is described emphatically in this paper. The design of the control system and the realization of the software have certain practical reference significance for the multi-platform collaborative control field. First of all, In this paper, the overall design scheme of multi-laser beam focusing and collimating system is given, and the hardware design requirements of the system are given according to the static positioning accuracy of 0.022mm and the dynamic tracking error of 0.11mm. According to the control period of 50Hz and the manual and automatic control requirements of focusing platform and collimation platform, the overall software scheme and implementation method are given. The hardware selection and performance check of the system are carried out. According to the structure limitation and performance requirement of the system, The 3D linear platform composed of VP-25XA high precision linear platform and PM-012 linear platform is selected as the actuator of collimating platform, and the LAC 320 voice coil motor is used as the actuator of the focusing platform. It is verified that the actuator can satisfy the static and dynamic performance requirements of the system, and ensure the rationality of hardware selection and the possibility of system implementation. Thirdly, in order to meet the requirements of position tracking of the system, The control system of LAC320 voice coil motor is designed. The speed loop and position loop double closed loop control strategy are studied, the PID controller is designed, and the step response characteristic curves of the corrected speed loop and position loop are analyzed. Finally, the upper computer software is designed. The main body of the software is written in C language, the key information is stored by xml language, and the interface is drawn by MFC class library. The libxml2.dll class library is used to operate the xml file. In the algorithm, AC algorithm is used to improve the efficiency of data parsing and the utilization of storage space is improved, and the fast lookup table method based on HASH table is used to reduce the execution time of the open loop focusing function. By using mountain climbing algorithm and dichotomy, the closed-loop focusing function is realized, and its execution efficiency is improved. The experiment shows that the upper computer function is all realized and the algorithm is effective. The design idea and detailed design method of the key parts of the system are described. The rationality of the design of each part of the system is verified by block test. The test results show that the scheme design of the multi-laser beam focusing and collimating system is studied in this paper. The functions of focusing and collimation of multi-laser beams are realized, and the requirements of control precision and control cycle are achieved.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN249
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本文编号：1672399