基于FPGA的三角测头图像采集与处理

发布时间：2018-03-27 21:03

  本文选题：激光三角测头　切入点：FPGA　出处：《黑龙江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：激光三角测头是一种基于激光位移三角法的非接触式测量装置,具有测量精度高、测量效率高和易于便携等优点,因而被广泛应用于工业检测领域。制约其性能提升的关键因素在于对被测物体表面激光光条的图像采集与处理。因此,对于整个测量装置的图像进行实时采集、处理及显示技术的研究至关重要。根据实际需求,本文基于FPGA平台构建了一套相对简单的激光三角测头测量系统,对切割工件表面的轮廓检测进行了相关探究。首先,基于激光三角测量原理,对如何求解物体表面任意一点的二维坐标进行了理论推导;其次,完成了基于FPGA的图像采集与处理平台的软硬件设计:通过CCD工业相机对图像进行实时采集,采用SDRAM控制器对图像进行存储,利用VGA对采集和处理后的图像进行实时显示,设计了基于UDP协议的千兆以太网用于图像数据的传输及与PC机之间的交互通信;再次,对采集的图像进行前期处理以及激光光条中心提取算法的硬件实现。最后,对整个测量系统进行标定,并对切割工件模型进行表面轮廓测量与结果分析。通过把测量结果与工件的实际尺寸进行比对,实现了预期的设计要求,为以后在该领域作进一步的研究奠定了坚实的基础。
[Abstract]:Laser triangulation probe is a non-contact measuring device based on laser displacement triangulation, which has the advantages of high measuring precision, high measuring efficiency and easy to carry. Therefore, it is widely used in the field of industrial detection. The key factor restricting the improvement of its performance lies in the image acquisition and processing of the laser light strip on the surface of the object being measured. Therefore, the image of the whole measuring device is collected in real time. The research of processing and display technology is very important. According to the actual demand, this paper constructs a relatively simple laser triangulation probe measuring system based on FPGA platform, and probes into the profile detection of cutting workpiece surface. Based on the theory of laser triangulation, the two-dimensional coordinates of any point on the surface of an object are derived theoretically. Secondly, The software and hardware design of the image acquisition and processing platform based on FPGA is completed: the real time image is collected by CCD industrial camera, the image is stored by SDRAM controller, and the acquired and processed image is displayed in real time by VGA. Gigabit Ethernet based on UDP protocol is designed for image data transmission and interactive communication with PC. Thirdly, the pre-processing of collected images and the hardware implementation of laser optical strip center extraction algorithm are implemented. The whole measurement system is calibrated, and the surface profile of the cutting workpiece model is measured and analyzed. By comparing the measurement results with the actual size of the workpiece, the expected design requirements are achieved. It lays a solid foundation for further research in this field.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TP391.41;TN791
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本文编号：1673226