复合氧化物气敏材料及传感器信号非线性研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 13:26

本文选题：氧化锌　切入点：气敏性能　出处：《中国民航大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：六方纤锌矿结构氧化锌是一种多功能Ⅱ-Ⅵ族n型半导体氧化物,室温下禁带宽度为3.37 eV,激子束缚能为60 meV,具有优异的气敏、光学和抗菌等特性和物理化学性能,并且成本低,无危害,这些特性使氧化锌材料在气体传感器中的应用十分重要。现有的半导体金属氧化物气体传感器存在许多不足之处,例如,灵敏度较低,稳定性较差和传感器工作温度偏高等,因此,如何解决这些问题是目前传感器研究的主要方向和内容。近年来,人们对纳米ZnO的研究发现不同形貌的ZnO对气体的敏感性差别很大。由于材料的性能取决于其尺寸、组成、结构和形貌等特征,因此,本文探索不同的合成方法以获得形貌各异、性能优良的ZnO纳米材料结构。做了XRD和SEM表征,并测试不同方法制备样品的气敏性能、光致发光和抗菌性能,进行相关气敏机理分析。同时,探索了纳米氧化锌材料作为飞机货舱火灾报警器的应用,并探讨了灵敏度与测试气体浓度之间的非线性关系。本论文的主要研究内容包括以下四部分:1.以乙酸锌为锌源,在200℃的条件下,利用水热法制备了由ZnO纳米棒自组装而成的花状微球,探索不同的晶化时间对晶体生长表面形貌的影响。棒状结构较大的长径比和比表面积,赋予该种ZnO优良的气敏性能和光学性能。相关表征及气敏测试研究发现,由该材料制备的气体传感器的气敏性能有了明显的提高,其中对100 ppm的乙醇气体的灵敏度达到了14.45;同时,所制备的ZnO光致发光强度高且对近紫外光的吸收较好。2.以荷花花粉为模板,制备了表面多孔结构的纳米氧化锌。研究了不同醋酸锌溶液浓度(分别为5%、10%、15%)和不同的煅烧温度(分别为650℃、750℃、850℃和950℃)对纳米氧化锌形貌和性能的影响。实验的测试结果说明:通过模板法制备的氧化锌多孔微球为六方纤锌矿结构,并且保持了天然荷花花粉具有的表面形貌,单个氧化锌的直径为10μm左右。以其为材料制成的气体传感器具有良好的灵敏度,在310℃时,在浓度为500 ppm的丙酮气氛中的灵敏度为24.80,在相同的实验条件下,基于该结构的传感器对乙醇气体的灵敏度为22.10。3.使用溶液燃烧法制备了钇掺杂的纳米氧化锌材料(Y-ZnO复合材料),通过控制原料中YCl3.6H2O的加入量来达到不同的Y的掺杂量,本节实验掺杂的Y的原子百分比分别是0、1、2、4、8和10%。基于硝酸锌和酒石酸为基本原料,通过采用液体燃烧法成功制备了钇(Y)元素掺杂的纳米氧化锌微球。气敏性能测试表明:Y掺杂量为2at%时,ZnO的性能最佳,以其为材料制成的气敏传感器对100 ppm乙醇的灵敏度高达15.97。4.目前使用的飞机货舱火灾报警器经常出现谎报误报的现象,因此,使用纳米氧化锌作为材料制备成多通道气敏传感器,可以对多种有害气体进行测试,并将实验中制备的气敏传感器与现有的感烟和感温探测器进行复合,制备一种新型的智能复合火灾报警器。不仅能对有害气体进行探测、还可以对高温和烟雾识别,因此,很大程度上降低了报警器的误报率。同时,使用不同的数据处理的办法研究了气敏传感器的灵敏度与气体浓度的非线性关系,对后续研究纳米氧化锌的气敏性能有促进作用。
[Abstract]:Six the wurtzite structure of Zinc Oxide is a multifunctional II-VI n type semiconductor oxides at room temperature, the band gap is 3.37 eV, the exciton binding energy of 60 meV, with excellent gas sensing, optical and antibacterial properties and the physical and chemical properties, and low cost, no harm, these features make Zinc Oxide materials used in gas sensors is very important. The existing metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor has many shortcomings, such as low sensitivity, poor stability and high working temperature sensor, therefore, how to solve these problems is the sensor main research direction and content. In recent years, research on nano ZnO sensitivity the difference between different morphologies of ZnO on gas. Because the material performance depends on its size, composition, structure and morphology characteristics, therefore, this paper explores different synthetic methods to obtain the shape The appearance is different, the excellent performance of the ZnO nano material structure. For XRD and SEM characterization, and test for gas sensing properties of the samples prepared by different methods, photoluminescence and antibacterial properties, related gas sensing mechanism analysis. At the same time, the application of nano materials as Zinc Oxide aircraft cargo fire alarm device, the nonlinear relationship between the sensitivity with the test gas concentration is discussed. The main research contents of this thesis include the following four parts: 1. with zinc acetate as zinc source, at the temperature of 200 DEG C, flower like microspheres by self assembled ZnO nanorods were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method, to explore the effects of different crystallization time on the crystal growth and surface morphology the rod like structure. The large aspect ratio and surface area, giving the ZnO excellent gas sensing properties and optical properties. Research on characterization and gas sensitivity test found that the gas sensing properties of the gas sensor made of the material of the The improved sensitivity to ethanol gas of 100 ppm reached 14.45; at the same time, the preparation of the photoluminescence of ZnO high strength and good absorption of near ultraviolet.2. in lotus pollen as template, porous surface structure of nano Zinc Oxide were prepared on different concentration of acetic acid solution (zinc respectively. 5%, 10%, 15%) and different calcination temperature (650 C, 750 C, 850 C and 950 C) influence on the morphology and properties of nano Zinc Oxide. A description of the test results: through Zinc Oxide porous microsphere template preparation for the six party wurtzite structure, and maintain the natural surface morphology lotus pollen has a single, Zinc Oxide's diameter is about 10 m. The gas sensor material has good sensitivity, sensitivity at 310 DEG C, at a concentration of 500 ppm acetone in the atmosphere is 24.80, under the same experimental conditions, base In the structure of the 22.10.3. sensor using Zinc Oxide solution of nanometer yttrium doped materials were prepared by combustion sensitivity to ethanol gas (Y-ZnO composite), by controlling the doping amount of raw materials in the amount of YCl3.6H2O to different Y, the original sub percentage of this section experiment doped Y are 0,1,2,4,8 and 10%. based on zinc nitrate and tartaric acid as raw materials by yttrium were successfully prepared by liquid combustion (Y) nano microspheres doped Zinc Oxide. Gas sensitivity test showed that the doping amount of Y is 2at% ZnO, the best performance, the material of gas sensor made of 100 ppm ethanol sensitivity up to 15.97.4. the aircraft cargo fire alarm often false false alarm phenomenon, therefore, the use of nano materials prepared by Zinc Oxide as a multi-channel gas sensor, for a variety of harmful gases in the test, And the experiment system of gas sensors prepared with existing smoke and heat detectors compound, preparation of a compound intelligent fire alarm model. Not only can detect the harmful gas, but also on the high temperature and smoke detection, therefore, greatly reduce the alarm false alarm rate. At the same time. Study on the nonlinear relationship between the sensitivity and the gas concentration sensor used to handle different data, gas sensing properties of nano Zinc Oxide's subsequent research has a role in promoting.

【学位授予单位】：中国民航大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN304.25;TP212

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