北斗导航天线前端低噪声放大器模块的设计研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 14:51

  本文选题：北斗导航系统 + 低噪声放大器　； 参考：《电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文主要介绍的是北斗卫星导航系统中低噪声放大器(Low Noise Amplifier,LNA)和微带天线的设计研究,以及基于低噪声放大器的有源天线的初步研究。文中研究了基于低噪声晶体管放大器和集成芯片的低噪声放大器,设计了偏置电路,匹配电路,实现了低功耗、低噪声、高增益的指标要求。同时,设计一款应用于北斗导航系统的微带天线,法向以及低仰角的性能良好。并完成了基于低噪声放大器的有源天线的仿真和测试。本文首先对低噪声放大器的相关理论进行阐述,如:二端口网络,匹配网络,传输线理论以及噪声等相关理论。根据指标要求设计了一款北斗二代B3频段(1268MHz±10MHz)的高增益低电流的两级低噪声放大器,第一级采用噪声性能好、偏置电流小的E-PHEMT低噪声放大晶体管,第二级采用增益性能好、偏置电流小的集成MMIC低噪声放大芯片,设计中采用LC元件设计匹配网络,通过引入源极负反馈提高放大器稳定性以及调节电压驻波比和噪声系数。通过ADS原理图与Momentum版图的联合仿真,验证射频PCB设计的可行性。最后进行加工,焊接,测试以及调试。另外设计了一款基于MMIC的两级低噪声放大器,工作频段L波段,采用LC元件进行匹配电路的设计,在满足噪声系数指标的要求下,以更高的增益和更低的偏置电流来实现,最终覆盖L波段的多个常用频段。其次设计了一款应用于北斗导航系统的右旋圆极化微带天线,工作频率为北斗二代B3频段(1.268GHz±10MHz),采用3dB分支线耦合器进行双馈以实现右旋圆极化,并在辐射贴片中引入短路金属孔,改善轴比和和阻抗性能。最终实现了低仰角性能良好的右旋圆极化微带天线。然后对基于低噪声放大器的有源天线进行了设计尝试,首先设计一个B3频段的单级低噪声放大器,以背馈的方式与天线进行集成,并对其进行接收性能测试对比。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly introduces the design and research of low Noise amplifiers (LNA) and microstrip antennas in Beidou Satellite Navigation system, as well as the preliminary research of active antennas based on LNA. In this paper, the low noise amplifier based on low noise transistor amplifier and integrated chip is studied. The bias circuit and matching circuit are designed to achieve the requirements of low power consumption, low noise and high gain. At the same time, a microstrip antenna for Beidou navigation system is designed, which has good performance in normal direction and low elevation. The simulation and test of active antenna based on LNA are completed. In this paper, the related theories of LNA, such as two-port network, matching network, transmission line theory and noise theory, are introduced. A two-stage low-noise amplifier with high gain and low current is designed for Beidou second generation B3 band (1268MHz 卤10MHz). The first stage uses E-PHEMT low noise amplifier with good noise performance, the bias current is small, and the second stage adopts good gain performance. In the design of integrated MMIC low noise amplifier chip with low bias current, LC element is used to design matching network. The stability of amplifier is improved by introducing source negative feedback, and voltage standing wave ratio and noise coefficient are adjusted. The feasibility of RF PCB design is verified by the simulation of ADS schematic diagram and Momentum layout. Finally, machining, welding, testing and debugging. In addition, a two-stage low-noise amplifier based on MMIC is designed. In L band, LC element is used to design the matching circuit, which can be realized with higher gain and lower bias current under the requirement of noise coefficient. The final coverage of the L band of a number of commonly used bands. Secondly, a right-handed circularly polarized microstrip antenna used in Beidou navigation system is designed. The frequency is 1.268 GHz 卤10 MHz zn in the Beidou second generation B3 band. The 3dB branch line coupler is used to double feed to realize right-handed circular polarization, and a short-circuit metal hole is introduced into the radiation patch. Improved shaft ratio and impedance performance. Finally, the right circular polarized microstrip antenna with good low elevation angle is realized. Then, an active antenna based on LNA is designed. First, a single stage LNA in B3 band is designed. The antenna is integrated with the antenna by backfeed, and the receiver performance is tested and compared.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN722.3
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本文编号：1861831