单光子探测器的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-05-14 04:09

本文选题：量子通信 + 单光子探测　；参考：《北方工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：单光子探测技术是量子通信的重要技术之一,单光子探测器是量子雷达系统接收机的重要组成部分。本文主要阐述了单光子探测的基本原理以及常用的探测器件。并且在对单光子探测原理了解的基础上,设计了以APD为核心的可同时探测4路的单光子探测系统——APD线列单光子探测器。首先介绍APD线列单光子探测器的硬件设计。APD线列单光子探测器由探测器件、雪崩淬灭电路、温度控制电路、甄别与整形电路、直流偏置电源以及数字控制电路组成。工作在盖革模式下的雪崩光电二极管探测入射光子,然而在盖革模式下的雪崩光电二极管发生雪崩后不能自然停止,时间久了会烧毁APD,造成损失。淬灭电路通过快速降低APD两端的电压来主动抑制雪崩,从而提高了探测效率,降低错误计数。温度控制电路根据半导体制冷原理,使APD工作在低温环境下,提高系统性能,延长APD的使用寿命。甄别与整形电路区分噪声与信号,并将信号整形成为标准的TTL信号。直流偏置电源可以对每路APD的工作电压进行单独调节,从而使每路APD工作在盖革模式下。数字控制电路对多路光子同时计数并且能够单独控制每路的比较电压,保证系统的正常工作。其次介绍APD线列单光子探测器软件设计。软件设计包括下位机程序设计和上位机程序设计,通过串口互相通信,上位机可分别控制4个下位机,对其进行控制。并给出程序流程图以及相关代码。最后是对于整个系统的测试,输出雪崩信号波形和计数脉冲波形,测试实际电路的相关功能。
[Abstract]:Single photon detection is one of the most important techniques in quantum communication, and the single photon detector is an important part of the receiver of quantum radar system. This paper mainly describes the basic principle of single photon detection and common detectors. Based on the understanding of the principle of single-photon detection, a four-channel single-photon detection system based on APD is designed. This paper introduces the hardware design of APD line-line single-photon detector. The single-photon detector is composed of detector, avalanche quenching circuit, temperature control circuit, discrimination and shaping circuit, DC bias power supply and digital control circuit. The avalanche photodiodes working in the Geiger mode detect the incident photons. However, the avalanche photodiodes in the Geiger mode cannot be stopped naturally after the avalanche occurs, and the APD will burn down for a long time, resulting in losses. Quenching circuit can actively suppress avalanche by rapidly reducing the voltage at both ends of the APD, thus improving the detection efficiency and reducing the error count. According to the principle of semiconductor refrigeration, the temperature control circuit makes APD work in low temperature environment, improves the system performance and prolongs the service life of APD. The noise and signal are distinguished from the shaping circuit, and the signal is transformed into a standard TTL signal. The DC bias power can adjust the working voltage of each APD separately, so that each APD works in the Geiger mode. The digital control circuit counts multiple photons simultaneously and can independently control the comparative voltage of each channel to ensure the normal operation of the system. Secondly, the software design of APD linear single photon detector is introduced. The software design includes the program design of the lower computer and the program design of the upper computer. And gives the program flow chart and related code. Finally, the whole system is tested, output avalanche signal waveform and count pulse waveform, test the related functions of the actual circuit.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN312.7;TN15;TN957.5

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