基于三维激光扫描技术的隧道连续断面提取及变形分析

发布时间：2018-05-30 14:36

本文选题：三维激光技术 + 不变矩　；参考：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的快速发展,隧道建设规模己位居世界前列。但是在建设或运营维护阶段使用传统的全站仪等测量工具不能准确监测隧道断面整体变形,观测需要较长的时间,劳动强度高。为了安全、有效、便捷地对隧道进行变形监测,以及解决隧道断面数据采集困难的问题,本文提出了一种基于三维激光扫描技术的隧道连续断面提取及变形监测方法,该方法分为以下四个步骤:扫描计划及数据采集、点云数据拼接、局部中轴线拟合、连续断面提取及变形监测。首先通过模拟隧道扫描制订隧道扫描计划,获取隧道点云数据,并对获取数据进行全局拼接;然后利用三维不变矩的方法提取隧道局部中轴线;依据中轴线调整局部隧道姿态,使隧道中轴线与提取参考方向一致,沿参考方向提取断面,对提取的断面采用二阶矩的方法获取断面椭圆特征,连续断面的椭圆特征可用于分析隧道的收敛性;最后采用MDP最小距离投影算法分析隧道的断面及三维变形,确定收敛或扩张区域以及变形量。针对本文所提方法,根据扫描计划,使用莱卡C10三维激光扫描仪选取中分辨率,以8.14m的间距扫描某隧道,提取不同时期的隧道区段中轴线,然后沿中轴线方向连续提取隧道断面,通过实验本文断面提取的点精度在3mm以内,并通过连续椭圆特征得到了某区段的收敛性特征。然后基于MDP对提取的断面进行断面变形分析,实验证明该方法能够判断出断面的收敛或扩张及得到其断面点的变形量,且高分辨率的点云断面的变形信息精度更高。最后基于MDP对三维隧道曲面进行变形分析,得到了隧道区段的收敛和扩张区域,及其曲面上点的变形量。实验结果表明,本文所提出的方法在数据采集和断面提取方面均能达到工程应用的精度要求,能够快速准确的提取出隧道的形变信息;同时,对比于传统的数据采集方式,三维激光扫描技术在数据量、数据采集速度和人力要求等方面都具有比较明显的优势。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the scale of tunnel construction has ranked the forefront in the world. However, in the stage of construction or operation and maintenance, the traditional total station and other measuring tools can not accurately monitor the overall deformation of tunnel section, and the observation takes a long time, and the labor intensity is high. In order to monitor the tunnel deformation safely, effectively and conveniently, and to solve the problem of collecting tunnel section data, a method of continuous section extraction and deformation monitoring based on 3D laser scanning technology is proposed in this paper. The method can be divided into four steps: scanning plan and data acquisition, point cloud data splicing, local axis fitting, continuous section extraction and deformation monitoring. First, the tunnel scanning plan is made by simulating the tunnel scanning, the tunnel point cloud data is obtained, and the obtained data is assembled globally. Then, the local tunnel axis is extracted by the method of three-dimensional moment invariant, and the local tunnel attitude is adjusted according to the central axis. The axis of the tunnel is the same as the reference direction, and the cross section is extracted along the reference direction. The elliptic feature of the continuous section can be used to analyze the convergence of the tunnel. Finally, the MDP minimum distance projection algorithm is used to analyze the cross-section and three-dimensional deformation of the tunnel, and the convergence or expansion region and the deformation amount are determined. In view of the method proposed in this paper, according to the scanning plan, using the Laika C10 3D laser scanner to select the medium resolution, scan a tunnel with an interval of 8.14 m, and extract the central axis of the tunnel section in different periods. Then the tunnel section is continuously extracted along the axis of the center. The accuracy of the points extracted from the section is within 3mm and the convergence characteristic of a certain section is obtained by the continuous elliptical feature. Then the section deformation analysis based on MDP shows that the method can judge the convergence or expansion of the section and obtain the deformation of the section point, and the accuracy of the deformation information of the high resolution point cloud section is higher. Finally, based on the analysis of the deformation of 3D tunnel surface based on MDP, the convergence and expansion region of tunnel section and the deformation of points on the surface are obtained. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve the precision requirements of engineering application in data acquisition and section extraction, and can extract the deformation information of tunnel quickly and accurately. At the same time, compared with the traditional data acquisition method, 3D laser scanning technology has obvious advantages in data volume, data acquisition speed and manpower requirement.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U456.3;TN249

【参考文献】