有源电力滤波器的保护系统设计

发布时间：2018-06-02 18:49

本文选题：有源电力滤波器 + 谐波抑制　；参考：《华北电力大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,世界各国现代化程度不断提高,国民经济也在飞速发展,社会对电力能源的质量要求越来越高。由于电力系统中非线性设备和负荷的存在,导致电力系统的正弦波形畸变。电网谐波对电力系统正常运行有很多危害,如引起继电保护和自动装置误动、缩短电气设备寿命、增大线路的网损以及造成通信干扰等。有源电力滤波器(APF,Active power filter)是一种新型电力电子装置,它的功能是动态抑制系统谐波,并且能够快速跟踪补偿不同大小和频率的谐波。“有源”是相对“无源”LC滤波器而言的,它弥补了无源滤波器只能吸收固定大小和频率谐波的缺点,可以控制并主动输出电流的大小、频率和相位,并且具有响应快速,不易与系统发生谐振和滤波效果好的特点。因此研究有源电力滤波器具有重大的实用价值。如何保证有源电力滤波器装置正常安全运行是其能在工程应用的前提。本文在分析有源电力滤波器的基本工作原理、系统构成以及有源电力滤波器补偿谐波电流的检测方法的基础上,设计了有源电力滤波器的整体保护方案。该保护设计方案涉及到三个方面,分别是:(1)有源电力滤波器常见的自身故障时的保护设计;动作于发出信号并解列装置,待进一步排查故障后再投入运行。对比较常见且影响较为严重的直流电容短路故障和桥臂直通故障,分别提出加装快速熔断器和设置死区时间或设计环流保护电路等保护措施;(2)有源电力滤波器外部短路故障时的保护设计;采用脉冲闭锁保护,当瞬时型短路故障消失后停止发出闭锁脉冲恢复装置运行,若为永久性短路故障则进一步解列装置;(3)有源电力滤波器在过负荷的保护设计;在原来截断限流的基础上,提出比例限流法,可以有效的解决三相三线制有源电力滤波器截断限流后三相检测电流和不为零致使补偿效果变差的情况。并使用Matlab/Simulink仿真平台搭建三相三线制的有源电力滤波器模型对所提保护方案进行了验证,仿真结果表明,该保护设计方案不仅可以有效地限制有源电力滤波器设备的过电流,使其在电网中安全运行,而且能在非正常运行状态下发挥最大的补偿功效。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the degree of modernization of countries in the world has been continuously improved, the national economy is also developing rapidly, and the quality of power energy is becoming more and more demanding by the society. The existence of nonlinear equipment and load in power system leads to sinusoidal distortion of power system. The harmonic of the power network has a lot of harm to the normal operation of the power system, such as causing relay protection and maloperation of the automatic device, shortening the life of the electrical equipment, increasing the network loss of the line and causing the communication interference, etc. APF active power filter (APF) is a new type of power electronic device. Its function is to dynamically suppress the harmonics of the system, and it can quickly track and compensate harmonics of different sizes and frequencies. "active" is relative to "passive" LC filter. It makes up for the disadvantage that passive filter can absorb only fixed size and frequency harmonics, can control and actively output the magnitude, frequency and phase of current, and has fast response. It is difficult to resonate with the system and has good filtering effect. Therefore, the study of active power filter has great practical value. How to ensure the normal and safe operation of active power filter is the premise of its application in engineering. Based on the analysis of the basic principle of active power filter, the system structure and the detecting method of compensating harmonic current of active power filter, the overall protection scheme of active power filter is designed in this paper. The protection scheme involves three aspects, one is the protection design of active power filter when its own faults are common, and the other is to send out the signal and disassemble the device, and then put it into operation after further checking the fault. For common and serious DC capacitor short-circuit faults and bridge arm through faults, The protection measures such as installing fast fuses and setting dead-zone time or designing circulation protection circuit are put forward respectively in case of external short circuit fault of active power filter, and pulse latching protection is adopted. When the instantaneous short-circuit fault disappears, it stops the operation of the latching pulse recovery device, and if it is a permanent short-circuit fault, it further deletes the device / 3) the protection design of the active power filter under the overload, and on the basis of the original truncation and current limiting, A proportional current limiting method is proposed, which can effectively solve the problem that the three-phase three-wire active power filter with truncated current limiting current and non-zero can cause the compensation effect to become worse. A three-phase three-wire active power filter model with Matlab/Simulink simulation platform is used to verify the proposed protection scheme. The simulation results show that the proposed protection scheme not only can effectively limit the over-current of the active power filter equipment, It can operate safely in the power grid, and it can exert the maximum compensation effect in the abnormal operation state.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN713.8;TM761

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