80kV高压纳秒电磁脉冲源研制

发布时间：2018-06-16 18:42

本文选题：电磁脉冲 + 脉冲源　；参考：《南京信息工程大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：电磁脉冲具有陡峭前沿、较窄脉宽,其瞬间释放的大量能量可使电子设备、系统线缆等受到严重破坏。试验用电磁脉冲模拟设备在电磁脉冲及工程防护研究方面有重要意义。论文通过理论与实践结合、仿真与试验结合的方式,研制出一套脉冲源并进行滤波器防护效能应用研究。脉冲源指标上升沿20ns、峰值电压±5kV～±80kV可调、半脉宽500ns～550ns。工作内容及总结如下所述。结合Ansoft软件仿真分析了圆柱型、半球头型和锥型电极对开关电场分布影响,半球头型电极电场分布为稍不均匀场,分散性良好;Matlab/simulink建模分析储能电容、回路电感、固有电阻、对地电容和负载电阻等对脉冲波形影响,回路电感变大导致脉冲上升时间变大、输出幅值减小。较小对地电容起到一定波形陡化作用,过大引起波形振荡严重时波形失真。通过对气体火花开关主要参数计算,设计的圆环片触发式气体火花开关和触发电路具有触发频率可调、占空比可调等优点,但在低电压下对脉冲放电具有较大影响;针对以上不足设计的电控间隙可调式气体火花开关有着宽广触发范围;设计的开关气路具有良好密封性;在脉冲源正负极性输出要求下设计出油浸式极性转换开关;对脉冲源部件连接及绝缘进行结构优化,完成样机制作。脉冲源调试试验分析了开关腔体气体环境、耦合干扰、特性阻抗失配及回路电感较大等现象,通过保持气体干燥洁净、减少不必要线缆、主要部件屏蔽和结构优化等措施消除了以上现象;脉冲源波形电压、电流测试中上升沿均在20ns以内,半脉宽500ns～550ns,幅值存在较小误差,分析可能为电阻式分压器或电流探头存在精度问题、脉冲回路中存在回路固有电阻;脉冲源应用于交流电源滤波器防护效能测试。脉冲源输出波形静态特性分析中自击穿电压较高时,实测值小于理论值;触发特性分析证明开关触发范围在60%以上;开关内气压越高击穿电压越大,上升时间有减小趋势;放电间隙越大绝缘强度越高,但上升沿变大。
[Abstract]:Electromagnetic pulse has steep front, narrow pulse width, and its instantaneous release of a large amount of energy can cause serious damage to electronic equipment, system cable and so on. The electromagnetic pulse simulation equipment used in the test is of great significance in the research of electromagnetic pulse and engineering protection. Through the combination of theory and practice, simulation and experiment, a set of pulse source is developed and applied to filter protection efficiency. The rising edge of pulse source is 20ns, the peak voltage is 卤5kV ~ 卤80kV, and the half-pulse width is 500nsm ~ 550ns. The content and summary of the work are described below. The effects of cylindrical, hemispherical and conical electrodes on the electric field distribution are analyzed by using Ansoft software. The electric field distribution of the hemispherical electrode is slightly uneven, and the dispersion of the electrode is good by Matlab / Simulink. The energy storage capacitance, loop inductance, inherent resistance are analyzed. The influence of the earth capacitance and load resistance on the pulse waveform, the larger the loop inductance, the larger the pulse rise time and the smaller the output amplitude. The small capacitance to the ground has a certain effect of waveform steepening, which causes waveform distortion when the waveform oscillation is serious. Through the calculation of the main parameters of the gas spark switch, the designed annular trigger gas spark switch and trigger circuit have the advantages of adjustable trigger frequency and adjustable duty cycle, but have great influence on the pulse discharge at low voltage. The electrically controlled gap adjustable gas spark switch has a wide trigger range, the designed gas circuit has good sealing, and the oil-immersed polarity switch is designed under the demand of the positive and negative pole output of the pulse source. The connection and insulation of pulse source parts are optimized and the prototype is made. The pulse source test has analyzed the gas environment, coupling interference, characteristic impedance mismatch and large circuit inductance of the switch chamber. By keeping the gas dry and clean, the unnecessary cable can be reduced. The above phenomena are eliminated by shielding and structure optimization of main components, the rising edge of pulse source waveform voltage and current are all within 20ns, and the half-pulse width is 500nsm ~ 550ns, and the amplitude error is small. It may be that the resistive voltage divider or current probe has the problem of accuracy, and the inherent resistance of the circuit exists in the pulse loop, and the pulse source is used to test the protection efficiency of the AC power filter. In the static characteristic analysis of pulse source output waveform, the measured value is smaller than the theoretical value when the self-breakdown voltage is high, the trigger characteristic analysis proves that the trigger range of switch is more than 60%, the higher the breakdown voltage in the switch is, the smaller the rising time is. The larger the discharge gap, the higher the insulation strength, but the bigger the rising edge.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN78

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