三相电机驱动系统电磁干扰滤波器的研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 09:16

本文选题：电磁干扰 + 功率变换器　；参考：《哈尔滨理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：电磁干扰(Electromagnetic Interference,EMI)是电力电子系统中广泛存在的一个问题。目前在电力电子装置中应用较多的功率变换器均采用脉宽调制(Pulse Width Modulation,PWM)技术对电能进行变换和控制,使得电动机系统的性能指标获得较大的提高。但是,功率变换器中的半导体器件产生具有大量谐波的不连续电压和电流,传导和辐射噪声,因此产生了EMI问题。新型功率半导体器件可以使开关速度增快,它有助于减少变换器的尺寸和降低开关损耗,但进一步加剧了EMI问题。EMI的产生使得在多数变换器的设计中需要使用EMI过滤器。例如,对飞机的电机驱动必须对其进行EMI滤波。EMI过滤器通常是决定系统体积,重量和成本的主要元素。设计EMI滤波器的传统方法是需要创建一个完整的系统原型后,对变换器的EMI信号的衰减进行测量。这种测量EMI的方法,并不是最佳的解决方案,这种方法往往导致耗费更多的时间和价钱更昂贵。为了解决这个问题,同时能创建通用EMI滤波器设计的方法,首先进行电机驱动系统的建模研究。对一个典型的电机驱动系统的不同组件进行分段线性行为建模,如半导体器件、无源元件、互连电缆和电机等。这种行为模型建模可以使滤波器设计与搭建电机驱动系统同时进行,从而提供了一种手段来评估EMI的性能和设计EMI滤波器,而不需要对系统原型进行测量。本论文使用新的阻抗平衡方法减少电机驱动系统的EMI问题。阻抗平衡法是在共模(Common Mode,CM)电压源周围插入无源元件建立一个平衡的惠斯登电桥,通过一个桥路的返回电流抵消另一个桥路的CM电流,EMI便会降低。插入的无源组件仅承载CM电流,因此可以比必须承载完全输入或输出电流的传统CM滤波器组件小得多。
[Abstract]:Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a widespread problem in power electronic systems. At present, pulse width modulation (PWM) technology is widely used in power electronic devices to transform and control electric energy, which improves the performance of motor system greatly. However, semiconductor devices in power converters generate discontinuous voltages and currents with a large number of harmonics, conduction and radiated noise, thus causing EMI problems. New power semiconductor devices can increase the switching speed, which can help to reduce the size of the converter and reduce the switching loss, but further aggravate the EMI problem. EMI is used in the design of most converters. For example, the motor drive of an aircraft must be filtered by EMI. EMI filters are usually the main elements that determine the volume, weight, and cost of the system. The traditional method of designing EMI filter is to measure the attenuation of the EMI signal of the converter after creating a complete system prototype. This method of measuring EMI is not the best solution, it often leads to more time and more expensive. In order to solve this problem and create a general EMI filter design method, the modeling of motor drive system is studied. The piecewise linear behavior of different components of a typical motor drive system is modeled, such as semiconductor devices, passive components, interconnection cables and motors. This behavior model can make the filter design and build the motor drive system simultaneously, thus providing a means to evaluate the performance of EMI and design the EMI filter, without the need to measure the prototype of the system. In this paper, a new impedance balancing method is used to reduce the EMI problem of motor drive system. The impedance balance method is to insert a passive element around the common mode CM voltage source to build a balanced Wheatstone bridge. The return current of one bridge cancels the CM current of the other bridge and the EMI decreases. The inserted passive components carry only CM currents, so they can be much smaller than traditional CM filter assemblies that must carry full input or output currents.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN713

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