基于三维激光扫描技术的高层建筑整体变形监测的方法研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 18:50

【摘要】：近年来随着全国基础工程建设的全面展开,各种高层建筑拔地而起,为了保证其在施工、运行中的安全,同时也为建筑物的施工设计和管理提供科学可靠的资料,对高层建筑物进行变形监测,掌握其动态的形变规律和静态的形变数据以便在发生事故损失前进行补救是很有必要的。三维激光扫描技术是近年来出现的一项新技术,以其非接触、精度高、速度快、自动化高等特点被广泛应用到很多领域。与传统的测量技术比起来,它不但能够满足建筑物变形监测的精度要求,同时还能够做到无接触、高效率的获取变形信息和构建形变模型,有助于监测工作的效率化、自动化。论文首先介绍了三维激光扫描技术的国内外研究现状,并叙述了建筑物变形监测技术的发展和应用现状;紧接着在论述三维激光扫描技术和变形监测方法理论的基础上,通过三维激光扫描仪获取了目标建筑的点云数据,对获取数据的工作流程做了详细的介绍,通过配套的Riscan Pro软件中相应的模块对获取的点云数据做了预处理,包括点云拼接、数据过滤等,并对扫描数据做了误差分析,讨论了误差的来源及数据精度的高低,并提出一些对策和措施来提高扫描数据的精度。通过处理后的点云数据构建了目标建筑物三维实体模型,并对模型的误差精度和来源做了探讨和分析,对模型质量做了评估,论证了直接在目标建筑物三维实体模型上提取变形监测数据信息的可行性,在此基础上讨论分析了一些方法措施来提高建模的精度。最后在目标建筑物三维模型提取的变形监测数据信息的基础上对变形监测的方法作了研究与改进,并作了实例分析,验证该方法具有良好的实用行。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the overall development of basic engineering construction in China, various high-rise buildings have emerged from the ground. In order to ensure their safety in construction and operation, they also provide scientific and reliable information for the construction design and management of buildings. It is necessary to monitor the deformation of high-rise buildings and to master the dynamic deformation law and static deformation data in order to remedy the accident losses. Three-dimensional laser scanning technology is a new technology in recent years. It is widely used in many fields because of its non-contact, high precision, high speed, high automation and so on. Compared with the traditional measurement technology, it can not only meet the precision requirement of building deformation monitoring, but also can obtain deformation information and build deformation model without contact and high efficiency, which is helpful to the efficiency and automation of monitoring work. This paper first introduces the research status of 3D laser scanning technology at home and abroad, and describes the development and application of building deformation monitoring technology, and then discusses the theory of 3D laser scanning technology and deformation monitoring method. The point cloud data of the target building is acquired by a 3D laser scanner, and the workflow of obtaining the data is introduced in detail. The point cloud data obtained is preprocessed by the corresponding modules in the matching Riscan Pro software, including the point cloud splicing. The error of scanning data is analyzed, the source of error and the accuracy of data are discussed, and some countermeasures are put forward to improve the accuracy of scanning data. The 3D solid model of the target building is constructed by the point cloud data, the error precision and source of the model are discussed and analyzed, and the quality of the model is evaluated. The feasibility of extracting deformation monitoring data information directly from the three-dimensional solid model of the target building is demonstrated, and some methods and measures to improve the modeling accuracy are discussed and analyzed. Finally, based on the information of deformation monitoring data extracted from 3D model of target buildings, the method of deformation monitoring is studied and improved, and an example is given to verify that the method has good practical application.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU196.1;TN249

【相似文献】