基于微波光子技术的微波信号参数测量

发布时间：2018-07-31 15:51

【摘要】：在雷达应用和电子战领域,复杂的电磁场环境使得雷达接收机处理信号难度增加,对微波信号的参数测量在现代防御系统和电子情报系统都是一项非常重要的任务。但是,随着信息技术的快速发展和武器装备的不断升级,微波信号覆盖的频段越来越大,由于传统的电子技术受电子瓶颈的限制,处理大带宽微波信号有一定难度。这时一门新的学科00微波光子学随之诞生,微波光子学是结合微波和光学产生的新领域,微波光子学技术由于其宽带宽、低损耗和强抗电磁干扰等优点成为对微波信号处理的关键技术。近年来,随着微波光子技术的快速发展,微波光子信号处理技术也引起研究学者们非常浓厚的兴趣,并且逐渐成为研究的热点。本文首先论述了微波光子技术的研究背景和国内外目前的研究现状,在此基础上重点研究了微波光子信号处理技术,建立了基于微波光子链路的电子战接收机模型,并且对该电子战接收机所涉及到的一些关键光学器件的特性和工作原理进行了相关研究。其次,针对电域中超宽带信号处理的瓶颈限制,特别提出结合光电技术的光压缩采样测频技术。一种方法是利用超窄光脉冲的频谱是能量均衡的梳状脉冲特性对微波信号进行采样,然后将原微波信号下变频到远低于奈奎斯特采样频率的某个区间上;另一种方法是一种基于光时域拉伸和压缩感知的光压缩采样测频系统对信号频域实现准确测量,该系统前端光时域拉伸系统利用超短高斯光脉冲在经过单模色散光纤传输后,由于光纤群速度延迟效应对窄脉冲的拉伸作用,在光域减慢输入高速微波信号,有效降低信号采样带宽,后端利用压缩感知技术对减速后的信号在电域进行二次压缩,从而大大减小模数转换器的采样频率,接着利用获得的欠采样数据通过压缩感知重构算法对微波信号频谱实现重构,对信号频率实现准确测量。然后,对上述所提两种方法分别进行原理论述、仿真验证和结果分析,验证系统的可行性。最后,提出了基于微波光子信号处理技术对微波信号关键参数到达时差和到达角的测量方法,主要通过测量接收的微波信号的相位差来进一步做波达方向估计,并对所提系统进行理论分析、仿真验证和改进,在改进系统的基础上提出一种可以实现多角测量和测频一体化系统的结构模型。
[Abstract]:In the field of radar applications and electronic warfare, the complex electromagnetic environment makes the radar receiver processing the signal more difficult. The measurement of the parameters of the microwave signal is a very important task in the modern defense system and the electronic information system. However, with the rapid development of the information technology and the escalation of the weapon and equipment, the microwave signal is covered. The frequency band is getting bigger and bigger. Because the traditional electronic technology is restricted by the electronic bottleneck, it is difficult to deal with the large bandwidth microwave signal. At this time, a new subject 00 microwave photonics is born. The microwave photonics is a new field combined with microwave and optics. The microwave photonics technique is due to its wide bandwidth, low loss and strong resistance to electromagnetic interference. In recent years, with the rapid development of the microwave photon technology, the microwave photon signal processing technology has also aroused the great interest of the researchers and gradually become the hot spot of research. This paper first discusses the research background of microwave photonic technology and the current research status at home and abroad. On this basis, the microwave photon signal processing technology is emphatically studied, and the electronic warfare receiver model based on the microwave photon link is established, and the characteristics and working principles of some key optical devices involved in the electronic warfare receiver are studied. Secondly, the bottleneck of the ultra wideband signal processing is restricted in the electric field, In particular, the optical compression sampling and frequency measurement technique combined with optoelectronic technology is proposed. One method is to use the spectrum of the ultra narrow pulse to sample the microwave signal with the energy balanced comb pulse, and then convert the original microwave signal down to a certain area far below the Nyquist sampling frequency; the other is based on the light time domain. The optical compression sampling system of tensile and compressed sensing can accurately measure the signal frequency domain. The system front-end optical time domain stretching system reduces the input high speed microwave signal effectively in the optical domain after the ultrashort Gauss optical pulse is transmitted through the single mode dispersion fiber, and slows the input of the high-speed microwave signal in the optical domain. The signal sampling bandwidth is sampled, and the back end uses compressed sensing technology to compress the decelerated signal in the electric field two times, thus greatly reducing the sampling frequency of the analog to digital converter, and then using the obtained under sampled data to reconstruct the frequency spectrum of the microwave signal through the compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm, and to measure the frequency of the signal accurately. The two methods are discussed in principle, simulation verification and result analysis to verify the feasibility of the system. Finally, a method of measuring the arrival time difference and the arrival angle of the key parameters of the microwave signal based on the microwave photon signal processing technology is proposed, and the direction of arrival is further estimated by measuring the phase difference of the received micro wave signal. On the basis of the improved system, a structural model of the integrated system of multi angle measurement and frequency measurement is proposed.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN015

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