一种新型全极化微波辐射计定标源研制及定标方法研究
发布时间：2018-08-11 16:28
【摘要】：微波辐射计定标技术是实现其定量化遥感应用的先决条件。全极化微波辐射计作为一种被动微波遥感器,不但可以测量目标微波辐射信号的两个交叉极化分量,还能够测量其复相关量。要想实现全极化微波辐射计高精度定标,就需要一个能产生亮温已知且稳定的全极化微波辐射定标基准。目前,现有常用的自然定标源和常规人造定标源都不能产生带有全部stokes参数的精确已知的辐射亮温信号,迫切需要研制全极化定标源,研究全极化定标应用技术。本文针对全极化微波辐射计定标的需求,研制出了一种新型全极化定标源,通过旋转极化线栅产生输出可调节的四个Stokes参数亮温。本文首先根据电磁波传播理论,推导出了线极化源和相位延迟器的亮温理论公式。然后进行了全极化定标源的系统设计和关键部件的研制,研制出了一种新型的全极化定标源工程样机。最后开展了全极化定标源关键零部件的性能测试、全极化定标源系统测试和全极化微波辐射计定标应用研究,对全极化定标源的的性能和应用效果进行了评价和验证。本文研制的新型全极化定标源在国际上首次采用了双极化线栅和平面反射镜组合的新型体制,论文的创新性还包括:1)应用电磁波传输理论推导出了新型全极化定标源辐射传输理论公式,给出热辐射源的电磁波经过线极化源和新型相位延迟器的亮温表述形式,从而建立了新型定标源的理论模型,并给出了4个stokes亮温参数的模拟仿真结果;2)研制出了一种辐射黑体用吸波材料,并利用该型吸波材料制作完成了微波辐射黑体,经过测试,多项性能指标优于国外同类型号产品,实现了辐射黑体用吸波材料的国产化,为我国今后各类型微波辐射计定标源的研制和生产解决了原材料方面的瓶颈问题;3)研制出了极化分离线栅缠绕装置,制作出了极化分离线栅产品,实现了极化分离线栅的国产化,技术性能满足微波辐射计定标需要;4)对整个全极化定标源进行了工业化产品化的设计和布局,使之更加实用,方便作为定标测试设备使用,改进了极化旋转方式,利于在各种环境下应用;5)开展的全极化微波辐射计实验室和星上定标方法研究,对今后相关应用方法的完善奠定了技术基础。
[Abstract]:The calibration technology of microwave radiometer is a prerequisite for its quantitative remote sensing application. As a passive microwave remote sensor, the fully polarized microwave radiometer can not only measure the two cross-polarized components of the target microwave radiation signal, but also measure its complex correlation. In order to achieve high precision calibration of fully polarized microwave radiometers, a fully polarized microwave radiometric calibration standard with known and stable brightness temperature is needed. At present, the existing natural calibration sources and conventional man-made calibration sources can not produce accurate and known radiative bright temperature signals with all stokes parameters. Therefore, it is urgent to develop fully polarized calibration sources and to study the full polarization calibration technology. In this paper, a new type of fully polarized calibration source is developed to meet the requirements of full-polarization microwave radiometer calibration. Four Stokes parameters bright temperature with adjustable output are generated by rotating polarization-line gate. In this paper, based on the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation, the theoretical formulas of brightness temperature of linear polarization source and phase delay are derived. Then, the system design and key components of the full polarization calibration source are designed, and a new type of full polarization calibration source engineering prototype is developed. Finally, the performance test of the key parts of the full polarization calibration source, the testing of the full polarization calibration source system and the application research of the full polarization microwave radiometer are carried out. The performance and application effect of the full polarization calibration source are evaluated and verified. In this paper, a new type of fully polarized calibration source has been developed in the world for the first time, a new type of combination of double polarization line gate and planar reflector has been adopted. The innovation of the thesis also includes: (1) applying the electromagnetic wave transmission theory to deduce the theoretical formula of the radiation transfer of a new type of fully polarized calibrated source, and giving the expression form of the electromagnetic wave passing through the line polarization source and the bright temperature of the new type of phase retarder of the thermal radiation source. The theoretical model of the new calibration source is established, and the simulation results of four stokes bright temperature parameters are given. A kind of absorbing material for radiation blackbody is developed, and the microwave radiation blackbody is fabricated by using this type of absorbing material. A number of performance indexes are superior to those of similar types of foreign products, and the localization of absorbing materials for radiation blackbodies has been realized. For the future development and production of various types of microwave radiometer calibration sources in China, the bottleneck problem in raw materials is solved. (3) the polarization separation line gate winding device is developed, and the polarized separation line gate product is made. The localization of polarization separation line gate is realized, and the technical performance meets the requirement of microwave radiometer calibration. (4) the industrial design and layout of the whole polarimetric calibration source are carried out, which makes it more practical and convenient to be used as calibration testing equipment. The method of polarization rotation is improved, which is beneficial to the research of the full polarization microwave radiometer laboratory and onboard calibration method in various environments, which lays a technical foundation for the improvement of the relevant application methods in the future.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院国家空间科学中心
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN015
本文编号：2177577
[Abstract]:The calibration technology of microwave radiometer is a prerequisite for its quantitative remote sensing application. As a passive microwave remote sensor, the fully polarized microwave radiometer can not only measure the two cross-polarized components of the target microwave radiation signal, but also measure its complex correlation. In order to achieve high precision calibration of fully polarized microwave radiometers, a fully polarized microwave radiometric calibration standard with known and stable brightness temperature is needed. At present, the existing natural calibration sources and conventional man-made calibration sources can not produce accurate and known radiative bright temperature signals with all stokes parameters. Therefore, it is urgent to develop fully polarized calibration sources and to study the full polarization calibration technology. In this paper, a new type of fully polarized calibration source is developed to meet the requirements of full-polarization microwave radiometer calibration. Four Stokes parameters bright temperature with adjustable output are generated by rotating polarization-line gate. In this paper, based on the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation, the theoretical formulas of brightness temperature of linear polarization source and phase delay are derived. Then, the system design and key components of the full polarization calibration source are designed, and a new type of full polarization calibration source engineering prototype is developed. Finally, the performance test of the key parts of the full polarization calibration source, the testing of the full polarization calibration source system and the application research of the full polarization microwave radiometer are carried out. The performance and application effect of the full polarization calibration source are evaluated and verified. In this paper, a new type of fully polarized calibration source has been developed in the world for the first time, a new type of combination of double polarization line gate and planar reflector has been adopted. The innovation of the thesis also includes: (1) applying the electromagnetic wave transmission theory to deduce the theoretical formula of the radiation transfer of a new type of fully polarized calibrated source, and giving the expression form of the electromagnetic wave passing through the line polarization source and the bright temperature of the new type of phase retarder of the thermal radiation source. The theoretical model of the new calibration source is established, and the simulation results of four stokes bright temperature parameters are given. A kind of absorbing material for radiation blackbody is developed, and the microwave radiation blackbody is fabricated by using this type of absorbing material. A number of performance indexes are superior to those of similar types of foreign products, and the localization of absorbing materials for radiation blackbodies has been realized. For the future development and production of various types of microwave radiometer calibration sources in China, the bottleneck problem in raw materials is solved. (3) the polarization separation line gate winding device is developed, and the polarized separation line gate product is made. The localization of polarization separation line gate is realized, and the technical performance meets the requirement of microwave radiometer calibration. (4) the industrial design and layout of the whole polarimetric calibration source are carried out, which makes it more practical and convenient to be used as calibration testing equipment. The method of polarization rotation is improved, which is beneficial to the research of the full polarization microwave radiometer laboratory and onboard calibration method in various environments, which lays a technical foundation for the improvement of the relevant application methods in the future.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院国家空间科学中心
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN015
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