基于有源电感与电容的CMOS模拟带通滤波器
发布时间：2018-08-14 20:11
【摘要】：在模拟接收器的结构中,Armstrong的结构作为基本构造已将近使用了70年。其主要的元器件包括带通滤波器,低噪放大器,混频器,锁相环,振荡器,模拟数字转换器。带通滤波器是信号被天线接收后遇到的第一个元器件,用来选择包含所需信号的波段并且过滤掉谐波和噪声信号,起到了非常重要的作用。目前随着摩尔定律在CMOS(Complementary Metal of Semiconductor)技术上的应用,数字电路的通道长度正在以每代为上代的0.7的速度缩小,目前市面上的CPU已可以做到10nm的通道长度,使得电子产品的运算速度得到了飞速的提升而产品面积得以快速的缩小,以iPhone为例,A10的运算速度为2.4GHz。但是由于螺旋绕线式电感在模拟电路中的使用,导致很难将高性能并能同时保持较小面积的接收器做到与数字电路在同一块芯片上。目前国内外的文献关于电感在模拟电路上的使用主要有两个大的方向:(1)通过在集成电路外接传统绕线式电感,由于传统绕线式电感使用材料较多且笨重,导致产品面积和成本无法减小;(2)通过特殊工艺将铜丝刻在芯片上形成平面式的螺旋式电感,但是由于这种电感的自带电阻较大,会影响产品的性能。同时,平面螺旋式的电感也增加了芯片面积,这与越来越小的芯片面积的发展方向是相悖的。基于以上基础,几个国家的研究团队提出了新的两种主要的设计思路:(1)使用新的无源电感结构来代替以往应用的平面式电感,这些电感结构通过提高自身的品质因数从而达到抑制自带电阻大小的目的,最终提高了产品的性能;(2)使用由CMOS晶体管构成的有源电感结构,这种结构使得产品面积大大减小。但是思路(1)无法降低使用电感元件的面积大小而思路(2)又受制于自身所带电阻阻值而无法获得较好的性能。本文通过有源电感和有源电容构成的共振器构建了基于传统切比雪夫结构的模拟带通滤波器。有源电容的自带负阻可以用来抵消有源电感的自带电阻,提升了共振器的品质因数,进而提升了模拟带通滤波器的中心频率,抑制比,带宽等核心参数。有源电容实现的等效电容值和负阻值可在较大范围内保持不变的特性为消除有源电感的自带电阻和提升模拟带通滤波器的稳定性能起到了重要的作用。有源电感使用的是由两个回转电容器构成的单端口电感,简单的结构提供了较小的产品面积,而其自带电阻可以由有源电容的负阻来消除。由此构建的模拟带通滤波器在保证性能的前提下同时实现了面积和成本的减小。为未来的模拟电路和数字电路的完整集成化开辟了新的方向。通过对CMOS模拟仿真软件Cadence的使用,可以构建出如上的模拟带通滤波器电路,不仅可以验证方法的正确性还可以找到此种电路的最高工作频率时对应的性能参数,为将来滤波器的使用提供重要的理论和应用指导。
[Abstract]:Armstrong's structure has been used as a basic structure for nearly 70 years in the structure of analog receiver. Its main components include bandpass filters, low-noise amplifiers, mixers, phase locked loops, oscillators, analog to digital converters. Bandpass filter (BPF) is the first component of signal received by antenna, which is used to select the band containing the desired signal and filter out the harmonic and noise signals, which plays a very important role. At present, with the application of Moore's law in CMOS (Complementary Metal of Semiconductor) technology, the channel length of digital circuits is shrinking at the speed of 0.7 per generation. At present, the CPU on the market has been able to achieve the channel length of 10nm. The computing speed of electronic products has been improved rapidly and the area of products has been reduced rapidly. Taking iPhone as an example, the operation speed of A10 is 2.4 GHz. However, because of the use of spiral winding inductors in analog circuits, it is difficult to make the receiver with high performance and keep a small area at the same time as the digital circuit on the same chip. There are two main directions about the use of inductors in analog circuits at home and abroad: (1) by adding traditional winding inductors to integrated circuits, the traditional winding inductors have a lot of materials and are bulky. As a result, the product area and cost can not be reduced; (2) the copper wire is engraved on the chip by special process to form a planar spiral inductor, but because of the large self-resistance of the inductor, the performance of the product will be affected. At the same time, the planar spiral inductor also increases the chip area, which is contrary to the development direction of the smaller and smaller chip area. Based on the above, the research teams in several countries put forward two new design ideas: (1) using a new passive inductor structure to replace the planar inductor used in the past. These inductors can improve the performance of the products by improving their quality factor, and finally improve the performance of the products. (2) using the active inductor structure composed of CMOS transistors, the product area is greatly reduced. However, train of thought (1) can not reduce the area size of using inductor element, and train of thought (2) is constrained by its own resistance value, so it can not obtain better performance. In this paper, an analog bandpass filter based on traditional Chebyshev structure is constructed by using a resonator composed of active inductors and active capacitors. The self-band negative resistance of the active capacitor can be used to offset the self-band resistance of the active inductor, improve the quality factor of the resonator, and then enhance the core parameters of the analog band-pass filter, such as center frequency, rejection ratio, bandwidth and so on. The characteristics that the equivalent capacitance and negative resistance of active capacitance can be kept constant in a wide range play an important role in eliminating the self-band resistance of active inductor and improving the stability of analog bandpass filter. The active inductor is a single-port inductor composed of two rotary capacitors. The simple structure provides a small product area, and its self-band resistance can be eliminated by the negative resistance of the active capacitor. The proposed analog bandpass filter can reduce the area and cost simultaneously while ensuring the performance. It opens up a new direction for the integration of analog circuit and digital circuit in the future. Through the use of CMOS simulation software Cadence, the analog bandpass filter circuit can be constructed, which can not only verify the correctness of the method, but also find the corresponding performance parameters at the highest operating frequency of the circuit. It provides important theoretical and practical guidance for the future use of filters.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN713.5
本文编号：2183986
[Abstract]:Armstrong's structure has been used as a basic structure for nearly 70 years in the structure of analog receiver. Its main components include bandpass filters, low-noise amplifiers, mixers, phase locked loops, oscillators, analog to digital converters. Bandpass filter (BPF) is the first component of signal received by antenna, which is used to select the band containing the desired signal and filter out the harmonic and noise signals, which plays a very important role. At present, with the application of Moore's law in CMOS (Complementary Metal of Semiconductor) technology, the channel length of digital circuits is shrinking at the speed of 0.7 per generation. At present, the CPU on the market has been able to achieve the channel length of 10nm. The computing speed of electronic products has been improved rapidly and the area of products has been reduced rapidly. Taking iPhone as an example, the operation speed of A10 is 2.4 GHz. However, because of the use of spiral winding inductors in analog circuits, it is difficult to make the receiver with high performance and keep a small area at the same time as the digital circuit on the same chip. There are two main directions about the use of inductors in analog circuits at home and abroad: (1) by adding traditional winding inductors to integrated circuits, the traditional winding inductors have a lot of materials and are bulky. As a result, the product area and cost can not be reduced; (2) the copper wire is engraved on the chip by special process to form a planar spiral inductor, but because of the large self-resistance of the inductor, the performance of the product will be affected. At the same time, the planar spiral inductor also increases the chip area, which is contrary to the development direction of the smaller and smaller chip area. Based on the above, the research teams in several countries put forward two new design ideas: (1) using a new passive inductor structure to replace the planar inductor used in the past. These inductors can improve the performance of the products by improving their quality factor, and finally improve the performance of the products. (2) using the active inductor structure composed of CMOS transistors, the product area is greatly reduced. However, train of thought (1) can not reduce the area size of using inductor element, and train of thought (2) is constrained by its own resistance value, so it can not obtain better performance. In this paper, an analog bandpass filter based on traditional Chebyshev structure is constructed by using a resonator composed of active inductors and active capacitors. The self-band negative resistance of the active capacitor can be used to offset the self-band resistance of the active inductor, improve the quality factor of the resonator, and then enhance the core parameters of the analog band-pass filter, such as center frequency, rejection ratio, bandwidth and so on. The characteristics that the equivalent capacitance and negative resistance of active capacitance can be kept constant in a wide range play an important role in eliminating the self-band resistance of active inductor and improving the stability of analog bandpass filter. The active inductor is a single-port inductor composed of two rotary capacitors. The simple structure provides a small product area, and its self-band resistance can be eliminated by the negative resistance of the active capacitor. The proposed analog bandpass filter can reduce the area and cost simultaneously while ensuring the performance. It opens up a new direction for the integration of analog circuit and digital circuit in the future. Through the use of CMOS simulation software Cadence, the analog bandpass filter circuit can be constructed, which can not only verify the correctness of the method, but also find the corresponding performance parameters at the highest operating frequency of the circuit. It provides important theoretical and practical guidance for the future use of filters.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN713.5
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