无源时差定位跟踪技术研究
发布时间：2018-08-15 18:55
【摘要】：随着电子干扰和反辐射导弹技术的不断发展,以雷达为代表的有源探测方式日益受到威胁。作为有源探测系统的有益补充,无源探测系统通过接收辐射源的电磁信号对目标定位,由于本身不辐射,有效提高了系统在电子战争中的生存能力。特别是其中的时差定位体制具有工作频带宽,精度高、定位快和“四抗”能力强等优点,是一种很有前途的无源定位技术。为提高估计精度,无源定位系统对目标辐射源的跟踪一般需要在多次测量的基础上借助一定的滤波算法来实现,其定位过程是利用某一时刻和该时刻以前的全部测量信息对该时刻的状态进行估计的过程。为了提高时差定位跟踪系统的性能,本文从时差定位的基本原理入手,深入分析了时差定位性能的影响因素,重点讨论了跟踪滤波的稳定性条件,仿真验证了各因素对时差定位跟踪性能的影响。本文首先研究了时差定位的基本原理,讨论了时差定位的特点,给出了多站时差定位的定位方程,分别研究了基于泰勒展开的最小二乘求解算法和Chan算法。给出了无源定位系统的空域指标、时间指标和性能指标的定义,分析了各定位精度指标的联系;详细推导了时差定位的GDOP定位精度指标,得出了影响定位性能的影响因素,通过仿真实验,分析和讨论了各因素对定位精度的影响。研究了时差定位的滤波跟踪技术,分别讨论了最优贝叶斯滤波算法、α/β滤波算法、卡尔曼滤波算法、扩展卡尔曼滤波算法和无迹卡尔曼滤波算法;深入分析了滤波算法的稳定性,推导了定位精度与测量精度的关系,通过仿真验证跟踪滤波后的收敛误差与测量精度成正比例关系。最后给出了时差定位跟踪系统的仿真实现,给出了仿真的流程,验证了时差定位跟踪系统的性能。
[Abstract]:With the development of electronic jamming and anti-radiation missile technology, the active detection method represented by radar is increasingly threatened. As a useful supplement to the active detection system, passive detection system can locate the target by receiving the electromagnetic signals from the emitter. Because it does not radiate itself, it can effectively improve the survivability of the system in electronic warfare. Especially, the time difference location system has many advantages, such as high frequency bandwidth, high precision, fast positioning and strong "four resistance", so it is a promising passive location technology. In order to improve the estimation accuracy, the passive location system usually needs to use a certain filtering algorithm on the basis of multiple measurements to track the target emitter. The positioning process is a process of estimating the state of a given moment by using all the measurement information before that time. In order to improve the performance of the TDOA tracking system, this paper starts with the basic principle of TDOA, analyzes the influencing factors of the TDOA performance, and discusses the stability condition of the tracking filter. The simulation results show the influence of various factors on the performance of time difference location and tracking. In this paper, the basic principle of TDOA is studied, the characteristic of TDOA is discussed, the location equation of TDOA is given, and the least square algorithm based on Taylor expansion and Chan algorithm are studied respectively. The spatial index, time index and performance index of passive positioning system are defined, the relation of each positioning precision index is analyzed, the GDOP positioning precision index of time difference positioning is deduced in detail, and the influence factors of positioning performance are obtained. Through simulation experiments, the influence of various factors on positioning accuracy is analyzed and discussed. The filtering and tracking techniques of time difference location are studied, and the optimal Bayesian filtering algorithm, 伪 / 尾 filtering algorithm, Kalman filtering algorithm, extended Kalman filter algorithm and unscented Kalman filtering algorithm are discussed respectively, and the stability of the filtering algorithm is analyzed. The relationship between the positioning accuracy and the measurement accuracy is deduced, and the convergence error after tracking filtering is verified to be proportional to the measurement accuracy by simulation. Finally, the simulation implementation of the time difference positioning and tracking system is given, and the simulation flow is given to verify the performance of the time difference positioning and tracking system.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN713
本文编号：2185105
[Abstract]:With the development of electronic jamming and anti-radiation missile technology, the active detection method represented by radar is increasingly threatened. As a useful supplement to the active detection system, passive detection system can locate the target by receiving the electromagnetic signals from the emitter. Because it does not radiate itself, it can effectively improve the survivability of the system in electronic warfare. Especially, the time difference location system has many advantages, such as high frequency bandwidth, high precision, fast positioning and strong "four resistance", so it is a promising passive location technology. In order to improve the estimation accuracy, the passive location system usually needs to use a certain filtering algorithm on the basis of multiple measurements to track the target emitter. The positioning process is a process of estimating the state of a given moment by using all the measurement information before that time. In order to improve the performance of the TDOA tracking system, this paper starts with the basic principle of TDOA, analyzes the influencing factors of the TDOA performance, and discusses the stability condition of the tracking filter. The simulation results show the influence of various factors on the performance of time difference location and tracking. In this paper, the basic principle of TDOA is studied, the characteristic of TDOA is discussed, the location equation of TDOA is given, and the least square algorithm based on Taylor expansion and Chan algorithm are studied respectively. The spatial index, time index and performance index of passive positioning system are defined, the relation of each positioning precision index is analyzed, the GDOP positioning precision index of time difference positioning is deduced in detail, and the influence factors of positioning performance are obtained. Through simulation experiments, the influence of various factors on positioning accuracy is analyzed and discussed. The filtering and tracking techniques of time difference location are studied, and the optimal Bayesian filtering algorithm, 伪 / 尾 filtering algorithm, Kalman filtering algorithm, extended Kalman filter algorithm and unscented Kalman filtering algorithm are discussed respectively, and the stability of the filtering algorithm is analyzed. The relationship between the positioning accuracy and the measurement accuracy is deduced, and the convergence error after tracking filtering is verified to be proportional to the measurement accuracy by simulation. Finally, the simulation implementation of the time difference positioning and tracking system is given, and the simulation flow is given to verify the performance of the time difference positioning and tracking system.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN713
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