脉冲激光测距高精度时间间隔测量技术研究

发布时间：2018-09-01 08:45

【摘要】：在无合作目标条件下实现高精度脉冲激光测距是目前国内外研究的一个热点问题,可广泛应用于工程建筑、大地测量、安全监测等领域,具有非常重要的研究意义和应用前景。本文针对脉冲激光测距仪中的高精度时间间隔测量这一关键技术,提出并研究了基于正弦曲线的高精度时间间隔测量新方法。分析了因正弦曲线的非线性产生的时间间隔测量原理误差,研究了利用多点平均法消除原理误差的机理,提出并分析了采用伪随机采样来实现均匀采样的技术。设计并研制了以高速A/D和FPGA为核心的硬件电路,包括正弦量化时钟信号发生、扫频信号发生、高速AD采集和FPGA等硬件电路,完成了硬件电路的研制和调试。采用Verilog HDL语言设计了FPGA程序,包括控制脉冲激光发射模块、时间间隔测量模块和数据计算与存储模块,完成了各模块的程序编写和调试。对采样原始数据进行了预处理,包括奇异点数据剔除、数据平滑处理、大数误差补偿和最小二乘法曲线拟合等,最终计算出了高精度时间间隔。搭建了实验装置,并进行了测距实验,测距精度达到±(3+2ppm),对应的时间间隔测量精度优于20ps,结果表明:本文提出的基于正弦曲线的高精度时间间隔测量方法原理可行,可用于测绘仪器行业的高精度脉冲激光测距。
[Abstract]:The realization of high precision pulsed laser ranging without cooperative target is a hot issue at home and abroad. It can be widely used in engineering architecture geodetic survey safety monitoring and so on. It has very important research significance and application prospect. Aiming at the key technology of high precision time interval measurement in pulsed laser rangefinder, a new method of high precision time interval measurement based on sinusoidal curve is proposed and studied in this paper. The principle error of time interval measurement caused by the nonlinearity of sinusoidal curve is analyzed. The mechanism of eliminating the principle error by using multi-point averaging method is studied. The technique of using pseudo-random sampling to realize uniform sampling is put forward and analyzed. The hardware circuits based on high speed A / D and FPGA are designed and developed, including sine quantization clock signal generation, frequency sweep signal generation, high speed AD acquisition and FPGA. The hardware circuit is developed and debugged. The FPGA program is designed by using Verilog HDL language, including the control pulse laser emission module, the time interval measurement module and the data calculation and storage module. The program of each module is programmed and debugged. The sample raw data was preprocessed, including singularity data elimination, data smoothing, large number error compensation and least square curve fitting, etc. Finally, the high-precision time interval was calculated. The experimental device is built and the ranging experiment is carried out. The ranging accuracy is 卤(3 2ppm), and the corresponding time interval measurement accuracy is better than 20 ps. the results show that the principle of the high precision time interval measurement method based on sinusoidal curve is feasible in this paper. It can be used in surveying and mapping instrument industry high precision pulse laser ranging.
【学位授予单位】：北京石油化工学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN247

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