高效率W波段脉冲行波管关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-09-04 18:15

【摘要】：由于高精度雷达、卫星通讯、电子对抗等方面的不断发展,要求微波电真空器件的频率不断进行提高。W波段电磁波处于微波大气窗口,同时具有微波和红外线的优点,如穿透性强、信号分辨率高、旁瓣低而难以被截获等优点,具有广泛的应用空间,从而W波段的微波管越来越引起相关研究者的关注。本文研究的对象是大功率W波段(91-97GHz)的折叠波导行波管及其关键技术。折叠波导相比于螺旋线慢波结构,在散热性和功率容量方面具有非常明显的优势,相比于耦合腔慢波结构,其工作带宽要宽很多,而且有工艺简单、装配方便等优点。本文对设计该行波管的主要过程进行了详细介绍,内容主要包括:对电子光学系统的理论进行了详细介绍。包括电子枪和聚焦系统的工作原理和理论计算,并利用ORION、HFSS等主要仿真软件来分别进行建模,经过不断的参数优化,最终给出了满足要求的仿真结果。对行波管的核心部分:折叠波导慢波线进行了详细的介绍。通过等效电路的方法分析慢波线的高频特性,在此基础上结合仿真结果详细说明了慢波线各个尺寸参数对其高频特性的影响,仿真结果显示设计的慢波线在效率和带宽等方面符合我们的需要。输能装置和衰减器的设计。介绍了盒型窗、过渡波导、衰减器的设计原则,盒型窗采用蓝宝石作为窗片材料,过渡波导采用双曲渐变结构来设计,衰减器则采用新设计的E面渐变楔形结构。从仿真得到的结果来看,各部件的的VSWR都在合理的范围内。效率提高关键技术的介绍。分别分析了用于提高行波管效率的相速渐变技术和多级降压收集极技术的相关理论。根据其理论重新设计了采用相速渐变技术的慢波线,并通过仿真验证了该技术对效率提高的有效性;在原有二级降压收集极的基础上设计出了2种不同结构的四级降压收集极。仿真结果表明,新设计的四级降压收集极使收集极效率有了明显的提高。展示了最终制造的行波管及其各部件的实物图,给出了其测试结果,并对测试结果进行了分析。
[Abstract]:Due to the development of high precision radar, satellite communication, electronic countermeasure and so on, it is required that the frequency of microwave and electric vacuum devices be improved continuously. The electromagnetic wave of .W band is in the microwave atmosphere window and has the advantages of microwave and infrared at the same time. Such as strong penetration, high signal resolution, low sidelobe and difficult to be intercepted, it has a wide range of application space, so the W-band microwave tube has attracted more and more attention from related researchers. The research object of this paper is high power W band (91-97GHz) folded waveguide TWT and its key technology. Compared with helical slow-wave structure, folded waveguide has obvious advantages in heat dissipation and power capacity. Compared with coupling cavity slow-wave structure, the folded waveguide has much wider operating bandwidth, and has the advantages of simple process and convenient assembly. In this paper, the main process of designing the line wave tube is introduced in detail, including: the theory of the electron optical system is introduced in detail. It includes the working principle and theoretical calculation of the electron gun and the focusing system. The main simulation software, such as ORION,HFSS, is used to model the model separately. After continuous parameter optimization, the simulation results that meet the requirements are given. The core part of TWT, folded waveguide slow wave line, is introduced in detail. The high frequency characteristic of slow wave line is analyzed by the method of equivalent circuit. Based on the simulation results, the influence of each dimension parameter of slow wave line on its high frequency characteristic is explained in detail. Simulation results show that the designed slow-wave line meets our needs in terms of efficiency and bandwidth. Design of energy conveyer and attenuator. The design principle of box window, transition waveguide and attenuator is introduced. The box window is made of sapphire, the transition waveguide is designed by hyperbolic gradient structure, and the attenuator adopts the newly designed E plane tapered structure. The simulation results show that the VSWR of each component is within a reasonable range. Introduction of key techniques for efficiency improvement. The theories of phase velocity gradient technique and multistage step-down collector technique for improving the efficiency of TWT are analyzed respectively. According to its theory, the slow wave line with phase velocity gradient technology is redesigned, and the effectiveness of this technique for efficiency improvement is verified by simulation, and two kinds of four-stage step-down collecting poles with different structures are designed on the basis of the original two-stage step-down collector. The simulation results show that the efficiency of the collector is improved obviously. The physical diagram of the final manufactured TWT and its components are shown, the test results are given and the test results are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN124

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