基于科技馆展品设计—激光干涉衍射仪设计研究

发布时间：2018-09-08 06:22

【摘要】：随着科学的不断发展,科学技术的突飞猛进以及教育水平的提高,使得科技馆这一科普形式在当代社会发生了翻天覆地的变化,科技馆已成为我国社会科教事业的重要组成部分。科技馆由于能够让观众亲自动手参与,能够模拟再现科学探索过程,能够让观众获得直接经验而深受公众喜爱。展品是科技馆的灵魂,是实现科技馆展教功能的关键,然而,通过调研山东省内部分科技馆后发现科技馆在展品设计上仍存在某些不足。展品设计理念相似,造成创新性不足;在展品的选择和设计时,过于追求高新技术产品,而忽略了对基本学科知识的普及;科技馆光学展品的整体数目较多,但类别较少,并且原理多以反射类、和折射类为主,缺少展示光的干涉、衍射原理的展品。鉴于上述分析,本人决定设计一部借用激光相干性好、亮度高等特点,来展示光的干涉衍射特性的展品,填补光学类科技展品对激光技术使用的空白。本研究的研究过程如下:一、通过查阅和搜集大量的文献资料,总结分析了科技馆展品设计现状与困难。二、对山东省科技馆、潍坊市科技馆、东营市科技馆、威海市科技馆进行了实地调研,调查分析了科技馆展品的现状与分类以及观众参观学习的主要方式。三、研究学习了固体激光器、光的干涉、衍射的工作原理,完成了激光干涉衍射仪的初步设计方案。四、通过验证性实验,遇到问题并针对所遇问题反复改进实验,并最终确定最佳设计方案。五、根据最终的设计方案,设计出一套采用电脑自动控制、红绿蓝三种颜色激光定时更换、电机驱动光栅实现动态衍射图案的展品。六、针对展品特点和科技馆观众参观的主要方式,最终决定说明牌同样也采用动态展示的方式呈现。七、考虑到激光的特殊性,最终选择悬挂式动态展示设计,在展示时可以借助与展示墙体的融合,设计优秀的动态展示空间,借助光栅的动态衍射图样,来达到意想不到的视觉体验。八、指出在本次研究中还存在的不足,对未来的研究提出展望。经过本研究过程,我主要得到了以下几项研究成果:(一)成功的研制了一套激光干涉衍射仪,并完成了样机的整体设计。(二)设计了三套展品说明牌的设计方案。(三)提出了样机展示设计方案。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of science, the rapid development of science and technology and the improvement of educational level, the science and technology museum, a popular form of science and technology, has undergone earth-shaking changes in the contemporary society. Science and Technology Museum has become an important part of social science and education in China. The museum is popular with the public because it enables the audience to participate in the process of scientific exploration by hand, to simulate and reproduce the process of scientific exploration, and to enable the audience to gain direct experience. Exhibits are the soul of science and technology museum and the key to realize the function of exhibition and teaching of science and technology museum. However, through the investigation of some science and technology museums in Shandong province, it is found that there are still some deficiencies in the exhibition design of science and technology museum. The design concept of exhibits is similar, resulting in innovative deficiencies; in the selection and design of exhibits, the pursuit of high-tech products is too much, and the popularization of basic disciplines is neglected. The overall number of optical exhibits in the Science and Technology Museum is large, but the categories are relatively small. And the principle of reflection, and refraction mainly, lack of display of light interference, diffraction principle exhibits. In view of the above analysis, I have decided to design an exhibit which uses the characteristics of good laser coherence and high brightness to display the characteristics of interference diffraction of light, and fill in the blank in the use of laser technology in optical science and technology exhibits. The research process of this research is as follows: 1. Through consulting and collecting a lot of literature, the paper summarizes and analyzes the present situation and difficulties of the design of exhibits in the Science and Technology Museum. Secondly, the author carried out field investigation on Shandong Science and Technology Museum, Weifang Science and Technology Museum, Dongying Science and Technology Museum and Weihai City Science and Technology Museum, and investigated and analyzed the present situation and classification of the exhibits in the Science and Technology Museum as well as the main ways for the audience to visit and study. Thirdly, the working principle of solid-state laser, optical interference and diffraction is studied, and the preliminary design of laser interferometer is completed. Fourth, through the confirmatory experiment, meet the problem and repeatedly improve the experiment in view of the problem, and finally determine the best design scheme. Fifthly, according to the final design scheme, a set of exhibits with automatic computer control, red, green and blue laser timing replacement, motor driven grating to realize dynamic diffraction pattern is designed. Sixth, according to the characteristics of the exhibits and the main way of visitors to the museum, it is decided that the explanation plate will also be displayed dynamically. Seventh, considering the particularity of the laser, we finally choose the hanging dynamic display design. In the display, we can design excellent dynamic display space with the help of the fusion of the wall and the display wall, and use the dynamic diffraction pattern of the grating. To achieve unexpected visual experience. Eighth, points out the insufficiency in this research, and puts forward the prospect to the future research. Through this research process, I mainly obtained the following research results: (1) successfully developed a set of laser interference diffractometer, and completed the overall design of the prototype. (2) the design scheme of three sets of exhibitors is designed. (3) the design scheme of prototype display is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH744.5

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