旋转机械光纤信号无接触传输方法及特性的研究
发布时间：2018-09-10 06:21
【摘要】：随着光纤传感技术的飞速发展和不断创新,为机械系统的状态与故障监测开辟了一种全新的测试原理和检测方法,光纤光栅检测技术已开始应用于汽轮机等大型旋转机械运行状态实时监测的场合,为满足监测光路中,旋转机械平台、监测系统设备之间信息连接的需要,需用到光纤旋转连接装置,以实现光纤信号在高速转子和静止的检测设备之间高效稳定地传输。本学位论文在国家科技项目“863计划”和大学生自主创新基金的支持下,开展面向旋转机械的单通道光纤信号旋转无接触传输方法及特性的研究。从旋转光纤信号传输光路损耗分析入手,提出了光纤信号旋转传输的具体工作指标,并对几种常用的光纤准直器件的技术参数和耦合损耗进行对比分析,分析和推导了三种装配误差对准直器耦合损耗影响的理论公式,并通过实验得出影响关系曲线;基于光路损耗的理论研究和国内外发展的现状,提出并设计了一种新型的单通道光纤信号自适应旋转传输隔振连接器(文中简称:自适应旋转连接器),对其工作原理、结构设计及创新点进行了具体阐述,分析了自适应旋转连接器光路传输损耗。该设计已获得国家专利授权(CN 203595833 U)。在理论分析的基础上,研制出自适应旋转连接器实物,并设计了装配和调试实验对其性能进行测试,得到了与理论研究相符的实验结论,验证了自适应旋转连接器的可靠性和稳定性;搭建了扭振测试平台,以先进的光纤光栅测试方法,开展了自适应旋转连接器的实验研究,分析了在实验室环境下的光信号旋转传输特性和方法,并与双准直器耦合测试系统进行了对比研究,证明了自适应旋转连接器能充分满足扭振测试平台旋转光信号的传输和检测功用,揭示了双准直器耦合和自适应旋转连接器测试系统的优缺点。相对于实验室环境,选择汽轮机转子为研究对象,对自适应旋转连接器应用于实际工况;搭建了汽轮机转子状态实时监测平台,介绍了监测平台的结构、测试方法及旋转光路的设计,对比研究了双准直器耦合、光纤滑环、自适应旋转连接器三种光信号旋转传输方案,证明了自适应旋转连接器实际应用的可行性;通过对三种方案的优劣对比,揭示了不同工况下光信号旋转传输方案的选用原则。本学位论文所做的研究工作对于研制有自我知识产权的光纤旋转连接装置,丰富和发展光纤信号旋转传输的方法及特性,以及提升我国大型旋转机械的状态监测水平均具有十分重要的意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development and innovation of optical fiber sensing technology, a new testing principle and detection method have been developed for the condition and fault monitoring of mechanical system. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) detection technology has been applied to the real-time monitoring of the running status of large rotating machinery such as steam turbines. In order to meet the needs of information connection between the monitoring optical path, the rotating machinery platform and the monitoring system equipment, In order to realize the efficient and stable transmission of the optical fiber signal between the high-speed rotor and the static detecting device, the optical fiber rotary connection device is needed. Supported by the National Science and Technology Project "863" and the College students' Independent Innovation Fund, this dissertation studies the rotating non-contact transmission method and characteristics of single-channel optical fiber signal for rotating machinery. Based on the analysis of optical path loss of optical fiber signal transmission, the specific working index of optical fiber signal rotation transmission is put forward, and the technical parameters and coupling loss of several commonly used optical fiber collimation devices are compared and analyzed. This paper analyses and deduces the theoretical formulas of three kinds of assembly error alignment straightener coupling loss, and obtains the influence relation curve by experiment, based on the theoretical research of optical path loss and the development of domestic and foreign, In this paper, a new type of single-channel optical fiber signal adaptive rotary transmission isolation connector is proposed and designed. The working principle, structure design and innovation of the connector are described in detail. The optical transmission loss of adaptive rotary connector is analyzed. The design has been granted a national patent (CN 203595833 U).) On the basis of theoretical analysis, an adaptive rotary connector is developed and its performance is tested by assembly and debugging experiments. The experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical research. The reliability and stability of the adaptive rotary connector are verified, and the torsional vibration testing platform is set up, and the experimental research of the adaptive rotary connector is carried out with the advanced fiber Bragg grating testing method. The characteristics and methods of optical signal rotating transmission in laboratory environment are analyzed and compared with the dual-collimator coupling test system. It is proved that the adaptive rotary connector can fully meet the transmission and detection function of the rotating light signal in the torsional vibration testing platform. The advantages and disadvantages of the dual collimator coupling and adaptive rotary connector test system are revealed. Compared with the laboratory environment, the turbine rotor is selected as the research object, and the adaptive rotary connector is applied to the actual working conditions, and the real-time monitoring platform of the turbine rotor condition is built, and the structure of the monitoring platform is introduced. The test method and the design of rotating optical circuit are compared. Three optical signal rotation transmission schemes are compared and studied, such as double collimator coupling, optical fiber sliding ring and adaptive rotation connector. The feasibility of practical application of adaptive rotary connector is proved. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the three schemes, the selection principle of optical signal rotation transmission scheme under different operating conditions is revealed. The research work done in this dissertation can enrich and develop the methods and characteristics of optical fiber signal rotation transmission. It is very important to improve the condition monitoring level of large rotating machinery in China.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN253
本文编号：2233641
[Abstract]:With the rapid development and innovation of optical fiber sensing technology, a new testing principle and detection method have been developed for the condition and fault monitoring of mechanical system. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) detection technology has been applied to the real-time monitoring of the running status of large rotating machinery such as steam turbines. In order to meet the needs of information connection between the monitoring optical path, the rotating machinery platform and the monitoring system equipment, In order to realize the efficient and stable transmission of the optical fiber signal between the high-speed rotor and the static detecting device, the optical fiber rotary connection device is needed. Supported by the National Science and Technology Project "863" and the College students' Independent Innovation Fund, this dissertation studies the rotating non-contact transmission method and characteristics of single-channel optical fiber signal for rotating machinery. Based on the analysis of optical path loss of optical fiber signal transmission, the specific working index of optical fiber signal rotation transmission is put forward, and the technical parameters and coupling loss of several commonly used optical fiber collimation devices are compared and analyzed. This paper analyses and deduces the theoretical formulas of three kinds of assembly error alignment straightener coupling loss, and obtains the influence relation curve by experiment, based on the theoretical research of optical path loss and the development of domestic and foreign, In this paper, a new type of single-channel optical fiber signal adaptive rotary transmission isolation connector is proposed and designed. The working principle, structure design and innovation of the connector are described in detail. The optical transmission loss of adaptive rotary connector is analyzed. The design has been granted a national patent (CN 203595833 U).) On the basis of theoretical analysis, an adaptive rotary connector is developed and its performance is tested by assembly and debugging experiments. The experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical research. The reliability and stability of the adaptive rotary connector are verified, and the torsional vibration testing platform is set up, and the experimental research of the adaptive rotary connector is carried out with the advanced fiber Bragg grating testing method. The characteristics and methods of optical signal rotating transmission in laboratory environment are analyzed and compared with the dual-collimator coupling test system. It is proved that the adaptive rotary connector can fully meet the transmission and detection function of the rotating light signal in the torsional vibration testing platform. The advantages and disadvantages of the dual collimator coupling and adaptive rotary connector test system are revealed. Compared with the laboratory environment, the turbine rotor is selected as the research object, and the adaptive rotary connector is applied to the actual working conditions, and the real-time monitoring platform of the turbine rotor condition is built, and the structure of the monitoring platform is introduced. The test method and the design of rotating optical circuit are compared. Three optical signal rotation transmission schemes are compared and studied, such as double collimator coupling, optical fiber sliding ring and adaptive rotation connector. The feasibility of practical application of adaptive rotary connector is proved. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the three schemes, the selection principle of optical signal rotation transmission scheme under different operating conditions is revealed. The research work done in this dissertation can enrich and develop the methods and characteristics of optical fiber signal rotation transmission. It is very important to improve the condition monitoring level of large rotating machinery in China.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN253
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