基于FPGA非制冷红外热成像系统设计

发布时间：2019-01-11 10:54

【摘要】：近年来红外成像技术取得了飞速的发展,随着焦平面阵列工艺的不断进步以及红外图像处理技术的不断成熟,红外成像系统的应用已经逐渐从军用转向了民用领域,市场前景相当可观。但红外探测器因其自身材料、工艺的缺陷导致红外图像的成像效果并不是特别理想:噪声大、对比度低、分辨率低以及非均匀性等都是红外图像不可避免的缺点,这直接导致了原始红外图像的利用价值不高。因此具备实时图像处理功能是现在红外成像系统的基本要求。本文将对现有的红外图像处理算法进行分析,针对红外图像的缺陷对其进行相应的处理:利用两点校正算法来去除红外图像的非均匀性、利用盲元校正算法和中值滤波算法来减少红外图像的噪声、利用直方图均衡算法来提高红外图像的对比度,并考虑到红外成像实时性的要求,利用FPGA实时处理数据的特点,最终完成的是一个基于FPGA非制冷型小型红外热成像系统。本文详细介绍了该红外热成像系统的设计思路与步骤,包括NIOS系统的设计、红外图像处理系统的设计和驱动的设计,以及各个功能模块具体硬件实现过程。在整个系统的设计过程中秉持的是资源节省的态度,在功能模块的实现上进行优化,减少逻辑资源的使用,力求用最小的芯片资源占用率设计出性能最佳的系统。从最终的结果看出,本系统能够成功的实时成像,并且消除了红外图像因其非均匀性产生的条纹、噪声以及提高了图像整体对比度,完成了设计要求与既定目标。
[Abstract]:In recent years, infrared imaging technology has made rapid development. With the development of focal plane array technology and the maturity of infrared image processing technology, the application of infrared imaging system has gradually shifted from military to civilian field. The market outlook is considerable. However, because of its own material and defects of technology, the infrared image imaging effect is not particularly ideal: high noise, low contrast, low resolution and non-uniformity are the inevitable shortcomings of infrared image. This directly leads to the low utilization value of the original infrared image. Therefore, the function of real-time image processing is the basic requirement of infrared imaging system. In this paper, the existing infrared image processing algorithms will be analyzed, and the corresponding processing of infrared image defects will be carried out: using two-point correction algorithm to remove the non-uniformity of infrared image, Blind element correction algorithm and median filter algorithm are used to reduce the noise of infrared image, histogram equalization algorithm is used to improve the contrast of infrared image, and considering the requirement of real-time infrared imaging, the characteristics of real-time data processing by FPGA are used. Finally, a small infrared thermal imaging system based on FPGA is completed. This paper introduces the design ideas and steps of the infrared thermal imaging system in detail, including the design of NIOS system, the design and driving design of infrared image processing system, and the hardware realization process of each function module. In the design process of the whole system, we adopt the attitude of saving resources, optimize the realization of function modules, reduce the use of logical resources, and strive to design the system with the best performance with the minimum utilization rate of chip resources. From the final results, the system can successfully real-time imaging, and eliminate the infrared image because of its inhomogeneity of the fringe, noise and improve the overall contrast of the image, the design requirements and goals are achieved.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TP391.41;TN219

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