激光自混合微角度测量及相关技术研究
发布时间：2019-04-16 15:51
【摘要】：激光自混合干涉效应是指激光器的输出光被外界物体部分反射或散射后,重新反馈回激光器的谐振腔内,这部分携带外部物体信息的反馈光与腔内光发生干涉,调制激光器的输出特性,从而可以实现对目标物的物理量的测量。与传统干涉系统相比,自混合干涉系统仅有一个干涉通道,结构简单、紧凑,易准直,灵敏度高,目前已广泛应用于工业测量、科学研究、国防军事等众多领域。本文结合激光自混合干涉效应的原理以及直角棱镜的自反馈特性,提出并实现了一种能够满足高分辨率、宽范围的角度测量系统,所研究的测角系统的测量分辨率可以达到0.55mrad,测量范围可以达到21.49mrad。同时本文还对不同待测物表面的散射特性以及光纤激光器中不同的尾端结构进行了讨论分析,为激光自混合系统的优化提供了理论指导和实验支持。本文所做的研究工作主要包括以下几个方面：1.提出了一种新型的基于自混合干涉技术的高分辨率、宽范围的角度测量系统,给出了不同波长的激光器作为光源时的基本理论分析与数值模拟结果。2.在理论分析的基础上成功设计并搭建了所研测角系统的实验装置,观察到了不同波长的激光器作为光源时的实验现象,同时给出了实验现象的分析结果,最后讨论分析了实验的误差来源,为下一步系统的优化和改进奠定了基础。3.对不同待测物表面的散射特性进行了相关研究。理论和实验结果表明,反射膜的信噪比和散射率大部分地大于其他的散射面,并且信噪比会随着散射角的增大而呈递减特性。4.对于作为反馈光收集结构的不同光纤尾端进行了相关研究。通过对比实验现象和理论结果可以得出,不同的光纤尾端有着不同的耦合效率,但却适用于不同的应用场合。本论文的主要创新点包括：1.搭建了一个新型的基于激光自混合干涉技术的微角度测量系统,利用直角棱镜入射光平行于出射光的特性,简化了调节光路的难度,从而有效克服了传统测角系统灵敏度低和测量范围受限的问题。2.该新型系统利用微片激光器作为光源时,能够在保证测量分辨率达到0.55mrad的同时获得18.90mrad的测量范围；利用氦氖激光器作为光源时的分辨率为0.61mrad,测量范围可以达到21.49mrad。3.在对不同待测物表面的散射特性的相关研究中,通过使用一个反射膜,并且选取一个合适的角度可以帮助我们消除散斑带来的影响,同时提高自混合信号的信噪比,为以后的系统优化提供了基础。4.在对作为反馈光收集结构的不同光纤尾端的相关理论分析中,可以利用.ABCD矩阵在近轴条件下计算出不同光纤尾端收集反馈光过程中的耦合效率。
[Abstract]:The laser self-mixing interference effect is that the output light of the laser is reflected or scattered by the external object, and the output light is refed back into the cavity of the laser. The feedback light carrying the information of the external object interferes with the intracavity light. The output characteristics of the modulated laser are modulated so that the measurement of the physical quantity of the target can be realized. Compared with the traditional interference system, the self-mixing interference system has only one interference channel. It has simple structure, compact structure, easy collimation and high sensitivity. It has been widely used in many fields such as industrial measurement, scientific research, national defense and military affairs and so on. In this paper, based on the principle of laser self-mixing interference and the self-feedback characteristics of right-angle prism, an angle measurement system with high resolution and wide range is proposed and implemented. The resolution of the studied angle measuring system can reach 0.55 mrads and the measuring range can reach 21.49 mrads. At the same time, the scattering characteristics of different object surfaces and different tail end structures in fiber lasers are discussed and analyzed, which provides theoretical guidance and experimental support for the optimization of laser self-mixing system. The research work done in this paper mainly includes the following aspects: 1. A new angle measurement system with high resolution and wide range based on self-mixing interferometry is proposed. The basic theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results of laser with different wavelengths as light source are given. 2. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the experimental equipment of the angle measuring system is designed and built successfully. The experimental phenomena of laser with different wavelengths as the light source are observed, and the analysis results of the experimental phenomena are given at the same time. Finally, the error source of the experiment is discussed and analyzed, which lays the foundation for the further optimization and improvement of the system. 3. The scattering characteristics of different objects to be measured are studied in this paper. The theoretical and experimental results show that the signal-to-noise ratio and scattering rate of the reflective films are mostly larger than those of the other scattering surfaces, and the signal-to-noise ratio decreases with the increase of the scattering angle. 4. Different fiber trailing ends used as feedback light collection structures are studied in this paper. By comparing the experimental phenomena and theoretical results, it can be concluded that different fiber tails have different coupling efficiency, but they are suitable for different applications. The main innovations of this paper include: 1. A new micro-angle measurement system based on laser self-mixing interferometry is built. The characteristics of right-angle prism incident light parallel to the output light are used to simplify the difficulty of adjusting the light path. Thus, the problems of low sensitivity and limited measurement range of traditional angle measuring system are effectively overcome. 2. When the micro-chip laser is used as the light source, the measurement range of 18.90mrad can be obtained at the same time the measurement resolution is up to 0.55mrad. When he-ne laser is used as light source, the resolution is 0.61mrad.The measuring range can reach 21.49mrad.3. In the study of scattering characteristics of different objects to be measured, using a reflective film and choosing a suitable angle can help us eliminate the speckle effect, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of self-mixing signal at the same time. Provides the foundation for future system optimization. 4. In the theoretical analysis of different fiber trailing ends as feedback optical collection structures, the coupling efficiency of different fiber tail-end collecting feedback light can be calculated by using .ABCD matrix in paraxial condition.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN249
本文编号：2458899
[Abstract]:The laser self-mixing interference effect is that the output light of the laser is reflected or scattered by the external object, and the output light is refed back into the cavity of the laser. The feedback light carrying the information of the external object interferes with the intracavity light. The output characteristics of the modulated laser are modulated so that the measurement of the physical quantity of the target can be realized. Compared with the traditional interference system, the self-mixing interference system has only one interference channel. It has simple structure, compact structure, easy collimation and high sensitivity. It has been widely used in many fields such as industrial measurement, scientific research, national defense and military affairs and so on. In this paper, based on the principle of laser self-mixing interference and the self-feedback characteristics of right-angle prism, an angle measurement system with high resolution and wide range is proposed and implemented. The resolution of the studied angle measuring system can reach 0.55 mrads and the measuring range can reach 21.49 mrads. At the same time, the scattering characteristics of different object surfaces and different tail end structures in fiber lasers are discussed and analyzed, which provides theoretical guidance and experimental support for the optimization of laser self-mixing system. The research work done in this paper mainly includes the following aspects: 1. A new angle measurement system with high resolution and wide range based on self-mixing interferometry is proposed. The basic theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results of laser with different wavelengths as light source are given. 2. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the experimental equipment of the angle measuring system is designed and built successfully. The experimental phenomena of laser with different wavelengths as the light source are observed, and the analysis results of the experimental phenomena are given at the same time. Finally, the error source of the experiment is discussed and analyzed, which lays the foundation for the further optimization and improvement of the system. 3. The scattering characteristics of different objects to be measured are studied in this paper. The theoretical and experimental results show that the signal-to-noise ratio and scattering rate of the reflective films are mostly larger than those of the other scattering surfaces, and the signal-to-noise ratio decreases with the increase of the scattering angle. 4. Different fiber trailing ends used as feedback light collection structures are studied in this paper. By comparing the experimental phenomena and theoretical results, it can be concluded that different fiber tails have different coupling efficiency, but they are suitable for different applications. The main innovations of this paper include: 1. A new micro-angle measurement system based on laser self-mixing interferometry is built. The characteristics of right-angle prism incident light parallel to the output light are used to simplify the difficulty of adjusting the light path. Thus, the problems of low sensitivity and limited measurement range of traditional angle measuring system are effectively overcome. 2. When the micro-chip laser is used as the light source, the measurement range of 18.90mrad can be obtained at the same time the measurement resolution is up to 0.55mrad. When he-ne laser is used as light source, the resolution is 0.61mrad.The measuring range can reach 21.49mrad.3. In the study of scattering characteristics of different objects to be measured, using a reflective film and choosing a suitable angle can help us eliminate the speckle effect, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of self-mixing signal at the same time. Provides the foundation for future system optimization. 4. In the theoretical analysis of different fiber trailing ends as feedback optical collection structures, the coupling efficiency of different fiber tail-end collecting feedback light can be calculated by using .ABCD matrix in paraxial condition.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN249
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