半导体激光器三维成像系统的设计与研究

发布时间：2019-05-12 15:40

【摘要】：激光由于具有单色性,相干性,方向性等优良特性,在军事、航天、工业和环境等众多领域得以广泛的应用。激光测距和成像系统的研究作为激光的优势技术之一,一直是国内外科研和工业界研究的热点和难点技术,尤其在国防和军工方面有着重要的应用。本文依托于北京邮电大学和航天二院项目依托,基于激光脉冲测距的理论和实验,对半导体激光扫描三维成像技术做出研究和设计。首先,分析激光成像的意义,国内外在激光三维成像方面的研究现状,结合激光成像的研究发展和本项目的特点要求,开展本论文的研究和设计。通过研究激光成像技术与激光器的分类,激光雷达探测原理,激光测距原理,激光扫描成像等技术的前提下,我们选择了脉冲激光器作为光源,利用激光脉冲测距原理,采用直接探测方式中的单像素测距,结合二维正交振镜搭建了半导体激光三维扫描成像系统的硬件平台。对半导体激光三维成像系统做出总体设计的前提下,分别对激光信号发射源,激光信号接收单元,激光信号扫描单元和成像控制系统做了进一步的探讨分析。激光三维扫描成像系统的软件设计包括三维数据显示和控制,时间间隔测量系统,二维正交振镜及板卡控制和数据库设计。在系统设计关键技术方面，为消除干扰回波,本文基于终止信号采用了延时电路设计,通过测量窗口有效消除光路上任何不属于待测目标反射回波产生的误触发；其次,在硬件同步设计中,对激光器、扫描振镜和回波检测三路启动信号设置一定的延时,确保三部分协调工作并完成测距的数据采集；在系统时延过程中,由于测距开始和结束信号由两个不同的光电探测系统接收,造成的时间差可以通过预先测定偏差并将之消除。
[Abstract]:Laser has been widely used in many fields, such as monochromaticity, coherence, directivity and so on. As one of the dominant technologies of laser, the research of laser ranging and imaging system has always been a hot and difficult technology in scientific research and industry at home and abroad, especially in national defense and military industry. Based on the project of Beijing University of posts and Telecommunications and the second Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, based on the theory and experiment of laser pulse ranging, the three-dimensional imaging technology of semiconductor laser scanning is studied and designed in this paper. Firstly, the significance of laser imaging, the research status of laser three-dimensional imaging at home and abroad are analyzed, and the research and design of this paper are carried out according to the research and development of laser imaging and the characteristics of this project. On the premise of studying the classification of laser imaging technology and laser, the principle of laser radar detection, the principle of laser ranging and laser scanning imaging, we choose pulse laser as the light source and utilize the principle of laser pulse ranging. The hardware platform of three-dimensional scanning imaging system of semiconductor laser is built by using single pixel ranging in direct detection and combining with two-dimensional orthogonal vibroscope. Based on the overall design of semiconductor laser three-dimensional imaging system, the laser signal transmitting source, laser signal receiving unit, laser signal scanning unit and imaging control system are discussed and analyzed. The software design of laser 3D scanning imaging system includes 3D data display and control, time interval measurement system, two-dimensional orthogonal vibrating mirror and card control and database design. In the key technology of the system design, in order to eliminate the interference echo, this paper adopts the delay circuit design based on the stop signal, and effectively eliminates the wrong trigger of any reflection echo on the optical path which does not belong to the target under test through the measurement window. Secondly, in the hardware synchronization design, the three starting signals of laser, scanning mirror and echo detection are set up with a certain delay to ensure the coordination of the three parts and complete the data acquisition of ranging. In the process of system delay, because the ranging start and end signals are received by two different photoelectric detection systems, the time difference can be determined in advance and eliminated.
【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN248.4

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