地震预测方法Ⅳ:电磁法

发布时间：2018-01-01 12:09

本文关键词：地震预测方法Ⅳ:电磁法　出处：《地球物理学进展》2016年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：电磁法地震预测是临震地震预测方法中的一种,该方法目前还处于初级阶段.已有的电磁法地震预测的流程是在各台站设置仪器观测覆盖区域的电磁数据,比如电场各分量、电阻率、磁场各分量或者给定频率的电磁波等等,通过一定的方法对所收集的数据进行处理,提取出电磁异常,对这些异常进行分析,从而给出与地震发生的时间、地点和震级组成的地震"三要素"相关的预测意见.从多次实验以及震例研究中我们可以看出电磁法地震预测目前并不完善,可以预测的范围、精度以及预测量都有限.但是电磁法异常提前发生并且特征明显,接下来亟待解决的问题是弄清引起震前电磁异常的明确的物理机制,找到其与地震三要素的对应关系,这样电磁法在地震预测中将会迈出扎实的一步.为了了解电磁法地震预测的现状,本文从电磁法预测的基础岩石物理学实验,野外观测记录,以及对已有电磁方法的分析与评价三个主要方面介绍了国内外电磁法地震预测的研究进展及其发展前景.
[Abstract]:Electromagnetic seismic prediction is one of the imminent earthquake prediction methods, which is still in the primary stage. The existing flow of electromagnetic seismic prediction is to set up the electromagnetic data in the coverage area of each station. Such as electric field components, resistivity, magnetic field components or the electromagnetic wave of a given frequency and so on, through a certain method to process the collected data, extract electromagnetic anomalies, and analyze these anomalies. The prediction opinions related to the time, location and magnitude of the earthquake are given. From many experiments and examples, we can see that the electromagnetic earthquake prediction is not perfect at present. The range, accuracy and quantity of prediction are limited, but the electromagnetic anomalies occur in advance and the characteristics are obvious. The next problem to be solved is to find out the physical mechanism of electromagnetic anomalies before earthquakes. In order to understand the present situation of electromagnetic earthquake prediction, the basic rock physics experiments of electromagnetic prediction are carried out in order to find out the corresponding relationship between the three elements of earthquake and the electromagnetic method. Field observation records and the analysis and evaluation of existing electromagnetic methods are introduced in this paper. The research progress and development prospects of electromagnetic seismic prediction at home and abroad are introduced.
【作者单位】：北京大学地球物理系;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(40872133,40821062,41274094)资助
【分类号】：P315.7
【正文快照】： 北京大学地球物理系,北京100871Department of Geophysics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,Chinadoi:10.6038/pg201606180引言地震预测有诸多方法,由于观测量的不同,形成了几种预测方法,例如地应力法、钻孔应变观测法、GPS法、固体潮法、电离层法等(赵永红等,2014,2015),电

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