中国大地构造阶段划分和演化

发布时间：2018-01-08 03:17

本文关键词：中国大地构造阶段划分和演化　出处：《地学前缘》2016年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：按照王鸿祯先生的地质构造演化阶段论和全球构造活动论的思路,遵循将今论古的比较构造地质学研究原则,以对接带、造山系和陆块区三类一级大地构造单元构造相的时空结构分析为主线,从超大陆汇聚与裂解不可逆演化和洋陆转换论的视角,认识理解中国大地构造时空结构组成特征,将中国大地构造划分为三个演化阶段。第一阶段:太古宙—前南华纪(820 Ma)。太古宙陆核形成(2 800 Ma),新太古代原板块构造启动,洋陆分化,华北各陆块发育古弧-盆系统(2 800~2 500 Ma),发育广泛的TTG片麻岩;古元古代(2 500~1 800 Ma)发育集宁、南辽河-荆山等弧盆系和嵩山裂谷、滹沱裂谷及华北基底形成(1 800 Ma);中元古代—新元古代早期(820 Ma前)华北陆区在1.8Ga克拉通化后发育燕辽裂谷、熊耳—西洋河裂谷、渣尔泰—白云鄂博陆缘裂谷;扬子陆块和塔里木陆块区中元古代发育陆缘裂谷盆地,新元古代早期其周缘一系列弧盆系形成,扬子和塔里木基底形成,并参与罗迪尼亚超大陆汇聚过程。第二阶段:南华纪—中三叠世(820~227 Ma),可分为5个构造期:(1)南华纪—震旦纪(820~541 Ma)构造期,罗迪尼超大陆裂解发育新元古代南华纪裂谷事件的火山-沉积岩及冰碛岩,古亚洲洋、原特提斯大洋及震旦大洋扩展,发育扬子、塔里木陆缘裂谷和裂陷盆地,华南洋萎缩为残余大洋。(2)寒武纪—中奥陶世(541~458 Ma)构造期,古亚洲洋、原特提斯洋持续扩张,中国西部一系列地块从扬子和塔里木大陆裂离,相应陆块均在伸展背景下形成被动大陆边缘,秦-祁-昆多岛弧盆系形成;印度陆块北部边缘形成寒武纪裂陷-裂谷盆地,上覆初始碳酸盐岩台地沉积(O1-2)。(3)晚奥陶世—志留纪(458~419 Ma)构造期,古亚洲大洋双向俯冲,向北俯冲制约阿尔泰-兴蒙多岛弧盆系形成,向南俯冲制约天山-准噶尔-北山多岛弧盆系形成及温都尔庙增生弧盆系发育;南天山大洋向北俯冲导致中天山岛弧形成;扬子、塔里木和印度等陆块的北缘均发育被动大陆边缘;志留纪震旦洋、华南洋消亡;塔里木、扬子与华北构成统一的泛华夏大陆,其西南缘秦祁昆造山系形成,在南东缘形成了华夏造山系。(4)泥盆纪—中二叠世(419~259 Ma)构造期,古亚洲洋、南天山洋萎缩消亡,天山-准噶尔-北山造山系和阿尔泰-兴蒙造山系形成(C2—P2);华北陆块整体隆升(O3—C1)后,发育陆表海盆地;扬子陆块发育陆缘裂陷盆地。古特提斯大洋双向俯冲,向北俯冲制约北羌塘-三江多岛弧盆系发育,向南俯冲导致冈底斯陆缘弧形成(C—P)。(5)晚二叠世—中三叠世(259~227 Ma)构造期,中国西北盆-山构造格局定位;那丹哈达洋西向俯冲形成鹤岗陆缘弧。澜沧江弧后洋盆向东俯冲及金沙江-哀牢山弧后洋盆向西俯冲,昌都-思茅地块两侧形成陆缘弧。特提斯大洋向南俯冲导致冈底斯弧盆系形成。扬子区攀西裂谷形成,峨眉山玄武岩大规模喷溢。第三阶段:晚三叠世—新近纪演化阶段(227~2.6 Ma)。中生代时东部陆缘弧盆系形成;西北发育盆山构造;西南部喜马拉雅-冈底斯多岛弧盆系形成。新生代,中国东部沿海弧后裂陷及断陷盆地形成,印度-欧亚大陆碰撞,喜马拉雅-冈底斯造山系形成,中新世以来青藏高原强烈隆升。
[Abstract]:According to the geological structure of Mr. Wang Hongzhen's evolution theory and the global tectonic theory, follow this on the ancient comparative structural geology research principle, to butt belt, temporal and spatial analysis of phase structure of the orogenic system and continental block three level tectonic unit of the structure as the main line, from the super continent convergence and breakup of irreversible evolution and the ocean land conversion theory, to understand the composition characteristics of temporal and spatial structure of Chinese tectonics, the tectonic division of China into three stages. The first stage: the Archean Yugoslavia Hua Ji (820 Ma). The Archean continental nucleus formation (2800 Ma), the former Neoarchean tectonic start Ocean continental differentiation in North China, the development of ancient continental arc basin systems (2 800~2, 500 Ma) developed extensive TTG gneiss; Paleoproterozoic (2 500~1 800 Ma) the development of Jining, South Liaohe - Jingshan arc basin system and Songshan rift, Rift Valley and North Hutuo basement formation (1800 Ma); Mesoproterozoic Neoproterozoic - early (before 820 Ma) Yanshan Liaoning North China rift in 1.8Ga land development after Tonghua craton Xiong'er River, - Atlantic Rift, Zhaertai Baiyunebo continental margin rift; the Yangtze block and the Tarim block development of Middle Proterozoic continental margin rift basin, early Proterozoic along the edge of a new series arc basin system formed, Yangtze and Tarim basement formation, and participate in the Rodinia convergence process. The second stage: nanhuaian - three Triassic (820~227 Ma), can be divided into 5 tectonic stages: (1) Nanhua Sinian (820~541 - Ma) tectonic period, Rodini supercontinent development Neoproterozoic Nanhua rift event volcano sedimentary rocks and sedimentary rocks, the paleo Asian Ocean, ocean and ocean Aurora prototethys expansion, development of the Yangtze, Tarim continental margin rift and rift basin, South China Ocean atrophy residual ocean. (2) the Cambrian Middle Ordovician (541~458 Ma) Tectonic period, the paleo Asian ocean ocean, Dhi Te Tis continues to expand, Chinese western a series of plots from the Yangtze and Tarim continental rifting and continental blocks are in the corresponding stretch under the background of the formation of the passive continental margin, Qinling Qilian Kunlun multi arc basin system formation; India landmass formed the northern edge of the Cambrian rift rift basin. The initial overlying carbonate platform (O1-2). (3) late Ordovician Silurian tectonic period (458~419 Ma), bidirectional subduction of the paleo Asian Ocean, restricting the northward subduction of Altai Xingmeng multi arc basin system formed, restricting the southward subduction of Tianshan Junggar - North Mountain multi arc basin system formed and Wenduermiao the proliferation of arc basin system development; South Tianshan ocean northward subduction resulted in Tianshan arc formation; Tarim Yangtze, and India block in the north of the development of passive continental margin; Sinian Silurian ocean, South China Ocean disappeared; Tarim, Yangtze and North China constitute a unified PAN-CATHAYSIAN The formation of the mainland, the southwest margin of Qinling Qilianshan Kunlunshan orogenic system, formed in the south-east margin of China orogenic system (4). In the Devonian Permian tectonic period (419~259 Ma), the paleo Asian Ocean, South Tianshan ocean wither away, forming the Tianshan - Junggar - Beishan orogenic system and Altai Orogen (C2 - P2); North China Craton uplift (O3 - C1), the development of epicontinental basin; the Yangtze block development of continental margin rift basin. The Paleo Tethys ocean bidirectional subduction, restricting the northward subduction of North Qiangtang Sanjiang arc basin system development, leading to the southward subduction of the Gangdise continental margin arc formation (C - P). (5) three in the Late Permian Triassic (259~227 Ma) Chinese northwest tectonic, basin mountain tectonic pattern; Nadanhada madder dives to the formation of the Hegang continental margin arc back arc basin. The Lancang River and eastward subduction of the Jinsha River Ailaoshan arc basin after the westward subduction of Changdu - Simao block, formed on both sides of the land Tethys large margin arc. The southward subduction resulted in the formation of the Gangdise arc basin system. The Yangtze region of Panxi rift formation, Mount Emei basalt outpouring. In the third stage: three late Triassic Neogene evolution stage (227~2.6 Ma). The eastern continental margin arc basin system formed in Mesozoic basin mountain tectonics; northwest development; the formation of Southwest Himalaya - Gangdise multi arc basin. The Cenozoic depression and faulted basins formed crack China eastern coastal arc, India Eurasia collision, Himalaya Gangdise orogenic system formation, since the Miocene in the Tibetan Plateau uplift.

【作者单位】：中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心;中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心;中国国土资源部信息中心;中国地质大学(武汉);防灾科技学院;
【基金】：国土资源部项目“全国重要矿产预测评价:全国重要矿产成矿地质背景研究”(1212010733802)
【分类号】：P548
【正文快照】： 0引言王鸿祯先生等在20世纪70年代用板块构造学说审视中国大地构造演化,80年代在编制中国及邻区构造古地理图的基础上,提出中国及邻区大地构造划分和构造发展阶段[1-4],其立论基点从时间看是地质历史发展的阶段论和灾变论,从空间看是全球构造活动论,认为中国大陆主要的大地

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