地下水超采区管理评估体系的构建

发布时间：2018-01-23 02:56

本文关键词： 地下水管理超采区评估体系评估指标层次分析法　出处：《中国水利水电科学研究院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：地下水资源是重要的自然资源,在我国经济社会发展中占有举足轻重的地位。近年来,随着我国人口增长、经济社会的快速发展,对水资源需求的不断加大,部分地区地表水、地下水资源逐渐呈现出过度开发利用的情势。目前,由于地下水不合理的开发利用,引发了一系列如地下水位持续下降、地面沉降、地裂缝、地面塌陷、海水入侵、水质恶化等生态环境地质问题,已严重影响到我国经济社会的可持续发展。党的十八大以来,生态文明建设被纳入新时期五位一体总体布局的范畴,地下水超采引起的生态环境问题已得到各方的重视,成为急需解决的重要问题。面对严峻的地下水超采情况,我国在地下水超采修复与超采区管理方面先后开展了一系列行之有效的工作,如组织全国地下水超采区评价、开展地下水超采区治理试点工作、构建地下水监测站网等。但是管理工作开展得是否到位、是否有成效,存在哪些缺陷和问题等,还未建立起规范性的地下水超采区管理评估体系对此进行考核。因此,建立一套能定量考核地下水超采区管理工作水平的评估体系,及时发现工作中存在的问题并不断修正、完善管理方式方法,对于提高地下水超采区管理水平、提高水资源的管理效率和效益具有重大的现实意义。本文在梳理我国地下水超采区管理经验的基础上,结合国内外学者在地下水超采管理方面的相关成果,按照最严格的水资源管理制度、可持续发展治水思路及"绿水青山就是金山银山"等指导思想,提出适合我国现状的地下水超采区管理工作的评估体系。主要研究内容包括以下三个方面:(1)梳理我国不同自然条件和经济条件下地下水超采区管理现状。通过分析,选择了华北超采区、长三角超采区、西北超采区作为三个典型地下水超采区,总结地下水管理工作的重点、区域特性及已取得的管理成效,并指出目前存在的问题与不足,为今后地下水超采区管理提供指导经验。(2)考虑到普遍性与特殊性特征,分全国通用指标体系及区域特色指标体系两部分,构建地下水超采区管理评估体系。其中全国通用指标从治理成效、治理措施两个层面来建立,区域特色指标主要考虑该区域所需要重点关注的地质环境问题进行评估。并运用层次分析法对指标的权重进行确定,再对这一系列指标进行分析给出相应的评分标准,最后将评估结果划分为五个等级。(3)选取河北省、江苏省作为应用实例的典型区,运用已建立的超采区管理评估体系对其进行评估,最终河北省得分为62分,江苏省得分为84分。结果表明该评估体系能较好的揭示不同地区地下水超采区的管理水平差异,并反映各地区管理存在的不足及改进方向,验证了评估体系的合理性及实用性。本文依托水利部水资源管理中心委托的"水资源管理、节约与保护业务"研究课题。通过构建一套系统的可操作、可复制、可推广的地下水超采区管理评估体系,意在为定量考核地区管理工作水平提供技术支撑,为地下水超采区管理工作提供参考,期望有利于促进地下水资源的合理开发与保护,保障经济和社会的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Groundwater resource is an important natural resource, plays an important role in China's economic and social development. In recent years, as China's population growth, rapid economic and social development, the demand for water resources is increasing, the surface water in some areas, groundwater resources gradually showing excessive exploitation situation. At present, due to the development of the unreasonable utilization of groundwater, causing continued to decline, a series of underground water such as land subsidence, ground fissure, ground subsidence, seawater intrusion, ecological environmental geological problems such as water quality deterioration, has seriously affected the sustainable economic and social development in China. The party's eighteen years, the construction of ecological civilization is one of the five into the overall layout of the new period the category of ecological and environmental problems caused by groundwater overexploitation has been the attention of the parties, becoming an important issue. In the face of severe overexploitation of underground water, China In the groundwater overdraft and repair management has carried out a series of effective work, such as the organization of national groundwater overdraft evaluation, groundwater overdraft governance pilot work, the construction of groundwater monitoring network. But the management work is in place, whether effective, what are the defects and problems, has not been established from the normative management of groundwater overdraft evaluation system for assessment. Therefore, to establish a set of overdraftedzone management level quantitative assessment of groundwater assessment system, discover the problems in the work and constantly revised, improve management methods, to improve the management level of the groundwater overdraft, is of great practical significance to improve the efficiency of management and the benefits of water resources. Based on the basic experience of combing China's groundwater overdraft management, combined with the domestic and foreign scholars in groundwater The relevant results of overmining management, in accordance with the most stringent water management system, sustainable development ideas and the "beautiful scenery is jinshanyinshan as the guiding ideology, proposed for the status quo of China's groundwater overdraft management evaluation system. The main research contents include the following three aspects: (1) analysis of different nature the conditions and economic conditions, the groundwater overdraft management status. Through the analysis, selection of North China Super mining area, Yangtze River Delta overdraftedzone, northwest overdraftedzone as three typical groundwater overdraft, emphatically summarized the groundwater management work, regional characteristics and has made the management effectiveness, and points out the problems and shortcomings, provide guidance and experience for the future of the groundwater overdraft management. (2) considering the universality and particularity characteristics, divided into two parts of the general index system and index system of regional characteristics, the construction of groundwater The evaluation system of overdraft management. Among the country's general indicators from the two aspects of the effectiveness of governance, governance measures to establish regional characteristics, indicators mainly consider the geological environment problems in the region need to focus on the evaluation. And the use of AHP to determine the index, and then analyzed the corresponding standard for evaluation of this series the final index, the evaluation results are divided into five levels. (3) from Hebei Province, Jiangsu Province as a typical region of application examples, using the established overdraftedzone evaluation system to assess the management of Hebei Province, the final score of 62 points, Jiangsu Province, a score of 84. The results show that the system can evaluate the difference in different areas the groundwater overdraft management level revealed better, and reflects the shortcomings of regional management and improvement, verify the rationality and practicability of the evaluation system on the basis of water. The management of water resources and Water Resources Management Center entrusted ", saving and protection of business research. By building a set of system operation, can be copied, can be extended to the groundwater overdraft management evaluation system, to provide technical support for the work of the management level of quantitative assessment area, provide a reference for the groundwater overdraft management work. Expect to promote the rational development and protection of groundwater resources, and ensure the sustainable development of economy and society.

【学位授予单位】：中国水利水电科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P641.8

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