数据挖掘方法在工程物探电法资料解释中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 10:26

本文关键词： 数据挖掘异常点地质异常体物探解释物性分级　出处：《长江大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：云南省是我国严重缺水的省份之一。滇中引水工程对缓解云南缺水状况,对国计民生有着重要的意义。在地质环境复杂的山体中开凿输水隧洞是引水工程的重要组成部分,正确评价岩体质量及特性,准确及时的判断分析出地质异常体的位置,不仅能降低施工成本,而且对指导隧洞安全施工具有重要意义。对于位于高山区域,埋深大的隧洞,常规钻探、化探的方法难以适用,仅能通过物探手段获取一些信息。针对物探手段获取的视电阻率数据,常规物探解释成果往往比较粗略,本文采用多种数据挖掘方法,从视电阻率数据中获得更加丰富、精细化的信息,将有助于引水工程的地质勘探工作。当岩石含金属矿物、炭质和粘土等良导性矿物时,矿物成分对电阻率的影响明显。一般情况下,岩石电阻率的主要影响因素为岩石的孔隙度、含水性及水的矿化度。对于覆盖层、断层、破碎带以及溶蚀区域等地质异常体,与周围的岩石相比,他们在物性特征上会有所反映,即视电阻率会出现低阻变化,特别是在地表水(地下水)的交互作用下,表现为低阻特征。本研究在视电阻率反应岩体物性的基础上,旨在找出一种适当的方法检测视电阻率异常的分界点,同时对视电阻率数据利用图像处理方法进行有效的可视化表达,使其能够较为直观的显示出数据的高低变化特征,然后将二者结合来划分覆盖层,分析发现地质异常体,对隧道围岩进行物性分级。本研究过程中采用多种数据挖掘的研究方法和手段,包括尝试结合钻孔数据采用关联规则挖掘的方法找出岩性与视电阻率之间的关系,从而进行岩性划分；利用改进后的极值方差分层法检测视电阻率数据中的异常分界点；利用活度分层法检测视电阻率数据中的异常分界点；利用小波变换奇异性检测理论检测出视电阻率数据的异常,分析剖面上的地质体异常分布等。江苏宜兴油车水库在江苏省宜兴市湖父镇的油车村和阳羡茶场之间,采用高密度电法获得视电阻率资料,其报告中对部分地区勘探结果有明确说明,方便研究结果的对比和方法的有效性评价。因此,本研究选择此处数据作为比选模型方法的实验数据,经过比较筛选,最终选定了一套基于小波变换和图像处理相结合的数据挖掘方法来划分覆盖层,分析发现地质异常体,对隧道围岩进行物性分级。首先对视电阻率数据利用直方图均衡化方法进行处理和可视化表达,使其能够较为直观的显示出数据的高低变化特征；在此基础之上,利用钻孔数据标定出覆盖层在视电阻率图像上的位置以及分析其表现特征,总结出了划分覆盖层的规则并进行了覆盖层划分；然后采用一维二进小波变换检测视电阻率数据中的异常分界点,结合视电阻率数据的图像表达,划分出了剖面上的异常区域,并对照地质平面图对异常区域的形成原因进行了合理解释,说明了该方法划分岩体异常区域的合理性；最后利用小波变换横向检测视电阻率数据的异常分界点,以隧道中轴线为中心,剖面上下各25m的区域为研究区域,依据分界点对研究区域进行分段分区,使用ArcGIS的分区统计工具对各分区的视电阻率均值进行统计并进行分类分级,形成对隧道剖面缓冲区物性评价和可视化。滇中引水的控制性工程——石鼓望城坡香炉山隧洞,距离长,埋深大,在施工过程中极有可能突遇岩溶渗漏及围岩稳定等问题,对施工安全造成巨大的隐患。将选定的数据挖掘模型方法应用在该工程中,挖掘的结果与物探人员解释的结果对比,该方法的解释与常规物探的解释总体趋势一致,局部更为精细。方法中利用横向小波异常分界点对隧道沿线区域进行分区的方法保证了区段内部的同一性以及区段之间的差异性,既科学又合理,在这样的分区上进行统计以及分级评价,能够保证结果的合理性。小波变换和图像处理相结合的数据挖掘方法主要基于数据处理来实现,减少了对解译人员经验的依赖。该方法可辅助钻孔布置工作,能够有效的对施工沿线区段进行物性分级评价,为隧道施工安全提供参考。
[Abstract]:Yunnan province is one of the serious water shortage in the provinces in China. Yunnan water diversion project to alleviate the water shortage in Yunnan, has an important significance for the complicated geological environment beneficial to the people's livelihood. Mountain tunnel excavation is an important part of the water diversion project, the correct evaluation of rock mass quality and characteristics, accurate and timely judgment of geological anomalous body the position, not only can reduce the construction cost, but also has important significance to guide the tunnel construction safety. The region is located in the mountains, deep buried tunnel, the conventional drilling method, geochemical exploration is not suitable, can only get some information by geophysical methods. According to the apparent resistivity data obtained by means of conventional geophysical prospecting, geophysical interpretation results are rough. This paper uses several methods of data mining, data obtained from the apparent resistivity is more abundant, the refinement of the information, will contribute to the diversion project of the geological exploration work. When the rock containing metallic minerals, carbon and clay minerals of good conductivity, effects of mineral composition on the apparent resistivity. In general, the main influence factors of rock resistivity for rock porosity, water content and salinity of water. The overburden, fault, fracture zone and erosion area geological anomalous bodies. Compared with the surrounding rock, will be reflected in their physical characteristics, the apparent resistivity will appear low resistivity changes, especially in the surface water (groundwater) interaction, showed low resistance characteristics. Based on the apparent resistivity of rock body reaction, in order to find out a proper as the cut-off point detection method of resistivity anomaly, while using the resistivity data image processing method for effective visualization, so that it can be more intuitive display height variation features of the data, and then combine the two division Overlay analysis found that the abnormal geological body, the physical properties of tunnel surrounding rock classification. Research methods and means of data mining using the process of this research, including the relationship between try method combined with drilling data using association rule mining to find out the lithology and the apparent resistivity, and lithology; abnormal point detection using improved extremum variance hierarchical method in detection of apparent resistivity data; using activity hierarchical method as the dividing point of the abnormal resistivity data; singularity detection theory to detect the abnormal apparent resistivity data using wavelet transform, analysis of geological body on the abnormal distribution. Jiangsu Yixing Youche reservoir in Jiangsu province between the parent town of lake of Yixing City you Che Cun and Yangxian tea plantation, obtained apparent resistivity data using high density resistivity method, the report on the results of exploration in some areas is made clear, the research is convenient Comparison and evaluation of the effectiveness of the method. Therefore, this study chose this data as the experimental data than the model method, through comparison and screening, finally selected a set of wavelet transform and image processing based on the combination of data mining methods to divide the covering layer, analysis of geological anomalous body, for classification of tunnel rock. First the resistivity data using histogram equalization processing method and visual expression, so that it can be more intuitive display level variation data; on this basis, the calibration of the covering layer of the resistivity image location and analysis of its performance characteristics using borehole data, summed up the classification rules and cover the covering layer division; then using one-dimensional wavelet transform into two detection of abnormal point apparent resistivity data, combined with the apparent resistivity data figure Like expression, divided into abnormal area section, and the control of abnormal regional geological map of the reasons for the formation of a reasonable explanation, the method is proved to be reasonable division of rock mass anomaly areas; finally, using wavelet transform to detect transversal abnormal point of apparent resistivity data, the tunnel axis as the center, the next section the 25m area as the study area, on the basis of the demarcation point in study area sub district, statistical tools use ArcGIS statistics on the apparent resistivity and the mean value of each partition classification, formation of the cross section of the tunnel buffer property evaluation and control of engineering visualization. Yunnan diversion -- Shigu Wangcheng slope Xianglushan tunnel. Long distance, deep buried in the construction process is likely to encounter problems such as karst seepage and stability of surrounding rock, causing tremendous danger to the safety of construction. The selected data mining Model method is applied in this project, comparison of mining results and geophysical interpretation results, the overall trend consistent interpretation and explanation of the method of conventional geophysical prospecting, local finer. Method of partition of the region along the tunnel by the transverse boundary point method in wavelet abnormal to ensure the difference between section internal identity and the section of scientific and reasonable evaluation, statistics and classification in this district, to ensure the rationality of the results. The data mining method of wavelet transform and image processing combined with the main data processing based on, reduces the dependence on the interpretation of experience. The method can assist the drilling work. Can effectively carry out property grading evaluation of construction along the section, to provide reference for the safety of tunnel construction.

【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TV221.2;P631.3

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