Radon变换中参数采样研究与应用

发布时间：2018-01-27 17:41

本文关键词： 地震勘探地震数据处理 Radon变换参数分析最小二乘抗假频提高分辨率　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,在我国经济蓬勃发展,新型能源的开发在全球范围内得以大力推行的大环境下,我国一直致力于新型能源的开发与利用,但仍然存在着普及领域和应用程度上的局限性。传统能源的需求量对于现阶段经济发展依然处于主导地位,特别是对油气资源的需求更是巨大,这也使得对于油气藏资源的开发与利用逐步深入,然而现阶段我国绝大部分的常规构造油气藏已被发现并投入开发,使得勘探目标变得日益复杂,逐步从简单的构造油气藏向对复杂构造的油气藏过渡,由传统的油气藏转向到岩性油气藏和复杂裂隙裂缝型油气藏,这使得开发难度大大提升,勘探技术与方法不断改进与创新。Radon变换常被应用于地震数据处理中,特别是在事件识别和估算。Radon变换的基本核心原理是选择不同的速度映射到Radon域中可有效剔除干扰信号保留有效信号。常规的Radon变换是将地震数据沿着积分路径进行叠加,其本质就是振幅的叠加。相比于其他类型的数学变换方法,Radon变换能够更加明确直观的刻画场的物理属性特征,其结果对地震数据的对比和分析具有重要意义。Radon变换也是消除多次波和提取速度差异的有效方法,其曲率参数采样和迭代次数对变换的准确度和计算量有着十分重要的影响。在Radon变换过程中,如果变换参数的采样不合理,在滤波的过程中有可能会改变实际地震同向轴的振幅,一部分能量会以假频的形式出现在Radon变换分解的多次波区域。在Radon变换的参数采样过程中,往往会存在假频现象,该现象一般产生于曲率参数的采样过程中,在t或?方向的参数采样中则不会出现。参数的采样主要依赖于处理者本身,在p和q方向上采样不足或采样过密时,都会对变换的精度产生影响。因此,Radon变换方法的稳定和抗假频研究十分重要。对此,本文研究并讨论了影响Radon变换精度的各个因素,给出了时间域中最小平方双曲线Radon变换的曲率参数和最小二乘迭代次数的最佳参数取值具体范围,使得Radon变换在得到较好变换效果的同时具有最小的计算耗时。另外,本文归纳总结了各种形式的Radon变换中参数取值的性质特点,同时给出了Radon变换在实际地震勘探处理中的应用,在以上所述基础上编写程序,重点讨论了一些典型的理论模型和实际地震数据,应用程序对理论模型和实际地震数据进行试算,验证本文提出的方法的准确性、有效性和实用性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the vigorous development of our economy, the development of new energy has been vigorously implemented in the global environment, our country has been committed to the development and utilization of new energy. However, there are still some limitations in the field of popularization and application. The demand for traditional energy is still in the dominant position for economic development at this stage, especially the demand for oil and gas resources is even greater. This also makes the development and utilization of oil and gas reservoir resources gradually in-depth, but at this stage, most of the conventional structural oil and gas reservoirs in China have been discovered and put into development, making exploration targets become increasingly complex. The transition from simple structure reservoir to complex structure oil and gas reservoir, from traditional oil and gas reservoir to lithologic reservoir and complex fracture type oil and gas reservoir, which makes the development difficult greatly. The continuous improvement and innovation of exploration techniques and methods. Radon transform is often used in seismic data processing. Especially in the event recognition and estimation. Radon transform is based on the selection of different speed mapping to the Radon domain to effectively eliminate the interference signal to retain the effective signal. Conventional Radon transform. Is to stack the seismic data along the integral path. Compared with other mathematical transformation methods, Radon transform can describe the physical properties of the field more clearly and intuitively. The results are of great significance to the comparison and analysis of seismic data. Radon transform is also an effective method for eliminating the difference of multiple waves and extracting velocity. The sampling of curvature parameters and the number of iterations have a very important effect on the accuracy and computational complexity of the transformation. In the process of Radon transformation, if the sampling of transformation parameters is unreasonable. In the process of filtering, it is possible to change the amplitude of the actual seismic coaxial. Part of the energy will appear in the region of multiple waves decomposed by Radon transform in the form of false frequency. In the process of parameter sampling of Radon transform, the phenomenon of false frequency often exists. This phenomenon generally occurs in the sampling process of curvature parameters, in t or? The sampling of parameters is mainly dependent on the processor itself. When the sampling is insufficient or oversampled in the p and Q directions, it will affect the accuracy of the transformation. It is very important to study the stability and anti-false frequency of Radon transform method. In this paper, the factors that affect the accuracy of Radon transform are studied and discussed. The specific range of the curvature parameters of the least square hyperbolic Radon transform in time domain and the optimal number of least square iterations are given. In addition, this paper summarizes the properties of the parameters in various forms of Radon transform. At the same time, the application of Radon transform in the actual seismic exploration and processing is given. Based on the above mentioned program, some typical theoretical models and practical seismic data are discussed. The program is applied to the theoretical model and the actual seismic data to verify the accuracy, validity and practicability of the proposed method.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P631.4;P618.13

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