庆阳市黄土丘陵区煤炭开采对地下水环境的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 15:47

本文关键词： 煤炭开采地下水导水裂隙带庆阳市　出处：《西北师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水是生命之源。我国北方大部分城市地表水资源很短缺,为了满足生活、生产用水,强行超量或盲目开采地下水现象普遍存在,许多地区地下水被超量开采而无法恢复原有平衡,而这种现象在煤炭开采地区更为突出。庆阳市是甘肃省重要的煤炭资源与生产基地,而庆阳又是我省水资源严重短缺的地区之一,因此加强煤矿开采对地下水环境影响研究对庆阳市生态环境保护与地区社会经济可持续发展就显得非常重要。本文以庆阳市煤炭基地5个矿区的井田为主要研究区,在大量收集以往煤田地质勘探与相关矿井地质资料和编图分析的基础上,分析了水文地质条件及首采煤层的赋存特征,从地下水环境的水质、水量、水文地质环境方面分析了煤炭开采对地下水的环境的影响。根据庆阳市域由南到北的地质构造特点,煤层的开采采空高度在12m左右,造成的地表沉陷在9-20m;通过主要研究区域各井田煤层开采“两带”(导水裂隙带和冒落带)高度《规程》和《规范》公式计算结果,比较分析“两带”发育高度及首采煤层至主要含水层的间距,认为所研究井田的大部分地区煤层开采对第四系孔隙裂隙潜水含水层影响不大,而下白垩统砂岩、砂砾岩裂隙承压含水层会被导水裂隙带贯通,其富水性好,水位较高,会导致矿井充水,煤炭开采对该含水层的影响最大。结合煤层开采对地下水径流、补给、排泄条件的影响分析,进行主要研究区煤层开采对地下水资源影响程度的预测分析,提出减缓煤炭开采活动对庆阳地下水资源影响的建议与对策。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of life. Most cities in northern China are short of surface water resources. In order to meet the needs of daily life, the phenomenon of excessive or blind exploitation of groundwater is common. Many areas have been overexploited to restore the original balance, and this phenomenon is more prominent in coal mining areas. Qingyang City is an important coal resource and production base in Gansu Province. And Qingyang is one of the regions where water resources are seriously short of in our province. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the study on the impact of coal mining on groundwater environment for the ecological environment protection of Qingyang city and the sustainable development of regional social economy. This paper takes the coal mine field of five mining areas of Qingyang coal base as the main research. District. On the basis of collecting a large number of coal field geological exploration and related mine geological data and mapping analysis, the hydrogeological conditions and the occurrence characteristics of first mining coal seam are analyzed, and the water quality and quantity of groundwater environment are analyzed. In terms of hydrogeological environment, the influence of coal mining on groundwater environment is analyzed. According to the geological structure characteristics of Qingyang area from south to north, the mining height of coal seam is about 12m. The resulting surface subsidence is 9-20 m; The calculation results of "two zones" (water conduction fracture zone and caving zone) height < specification > and formula "norm" of coal seam mining in each mine field in the main area are studied. By comparing and analyzing the development height of "two zones" and the distance between the first coal seam and the main aquifer, it is concluded that the coal seam mining in most areas of the studied mine field has little effect on the phreatic aquifer of the Quaternary pore fissure, but the lower Cretaceous sandstone. The confined aquifer of sand-gravel fissure will be connected by the water-conducting fissure zone, which is rich in water and high in water level, which will lead to mine water filling, and coal mining has the greatest influence on the aquifer. Combined with coal mining, groundwater runoff is recharged. Based on the analysis of the influence of discharge conditions, the influence degree of coal seam mining on groundwater resources in the main research area is predicted, and suggestions and countermeasures to slow down the influence of coal mining activities on groundwater resources in Qingyang are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P641.8;P641.461

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