综合地球物理方法在探测采空区中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-02-06 03:24

本文关键词： 采空区地球物理方法高密度电法地震法瞬变电磁法　出处：《内蒙古科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来随着我国的经济飞速发展，各种矿石资源需求也随之不断加大，大量的矿产资源被挖掘，从而导致形成了大量的采空区。采空区的形成会导致地面出现塌陷、裂缝，破坏生态环境，给生产和生活带来安全隐患，因此，对采空区的探测成为了重要的研究课题。论文主要研究不同的地球物理方法在探测采空区中的应用，在特定的地质环境中确定不同物探方法的有效性。主要技术手段有高密度电阻率法、地震法、瞬变电磁法。电法是工程物探非常有效方便的手段之一，尤其是遇到需要较深探测标的物的情况，传统的电法一次布线只能测出有限个点的地电信息，而本文采用高密度电阻率法，其原理是人工提供稳定的电流，使不同介质产生电势差，从而确定出视电阻率断面图。由于较传统的电法多出多路电极转换器，因此只需要一次布线就能得出较多个点的地点信息。地震法主要研究了采空区对反射波速度及频散曲线的影响，通过分析数据并得出反射波速度时间曲线。瞬变电磁法使用ATEM设备对数据收集，对原始数据进行噪声滤波处理，抽道电压、计算电阻率，绘制成直观的结果图件。本次实验研究是在内蒙古东升庙矿区进行。分别布置了三条测线，每条测线采用不同的地球物理方法进行探测。设备采用的是重庆地质仪器厂的DUK-2高密度电法测量系统、DZQ48高分辨地震仪、ATEM电法测量系统。高密度电阻率法采用温纳四极装置、120道电极，由于地势起伏较大，在处理数据时对地形进行了改正。地震法为了提高采集数据的精确性，采用了炸药震源方式。瞬变电磁法采用了中心回线、重叠回线装置对实验区进行了探测。在实验过程中，我们严格执行有关技术规程，对野外资料进行了认真检查，保证了原始数据的可靠性。在资料整理、分析和解析中，利用多种方法如反演方法、温纳装置等对原始数据进行精细处理，，获得了能客观反映探测区地质特征的物性参数。通过对探测数据的分析与解释，并结合探测区内已知地质、钻孔和采矿资料综合对比分析，高密度电法、瞬变电磁法和地震方法均探测出地下采空区的赋存位置。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, the demand for various mineral resources has increased, and a large number of mineral resources have been excavated. As a result, a large number of goaf has been formed. The formation of goaf will lead to ground collapse, cracks, damage to the ecological environment, production and life to bring security risks. The detection of goaf has become an important research topic. This paper mainly studies the application of different geophysical methods in the exploration of goaf and determines the validity of different geophysical methods in specific geological environment. The main technical means are high-density resistivity method and seismic method. Transient electromagnetic method. Electrical method is one of the very effective and convenient means of engineering geophysical exploration, especially when it is necessary to detect the subject matter deeply, the traditional electrical method can only measure the geoelectric information of a limited number of points at a time. The high density resistivity method is used in this paper. The principle of this method is to provide stable current manually and make different medium produce potential difference, so that the apparent resistivity profile can be determined. Because of the more multichannel electrode converters than the traditional electrical method, the method of high density resistivity is used in this paper. Therefore, the location information of more than one point can be obtained only once. Seismic method mainly studies the influence of goaf on the velocity and dispersion curve of reflected wave. The transient electromagnetic method uses ATEM equipment to collect the data, process the original data by noise filtering, pump the channel voltage and calculate the resistivity. Draw an intuitive result map. The experiment was carried out in Dongshenmiao mining area, Inner Mongolia. Each line is detected by different geophysical methods. The equipment is the DUK-2 high-density electrical measuring system (DZQ48) of Chongqing Geological instrument Factory. ATEM electrical measuring system. The high density resistivity method uses 120-channel electrode of Wenner quadrupole device, because of the large topography fluctuation. In order to improve the accuracy of data acquisition, the explosive source method is adopted in seismic method, and the center loop line is used in transient electromagnetic method. In the course of the experiment, we strictly carry out the relevant technical regulations and carefully check the field data to ensure the reliability of the original data. In the analysis and analysis, many methods such as inversion method, Winner device and so on are used to process the original data. The physical parameters which can objectively reflect the geological characteristics of the exploration area are obtained. Through the analysis and interpretation of the exploration data and combined with the comprehensive comparative analysis of the known geological, borehole and mining data in the exploration area, the high-density electrical method is used. Both transient electromagnetic method and seismic method can detect the occurrence of underground goaf.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631

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