松辽盆地北部大庆长垣构造特征及其演化

发布时间：2018-02-11 08:39

本文关键词： 构造特征构造演化生长地层形成时间大庆长垣松辽盆地　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：松辽盆地位于我国东北部,地跨黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省和内蒙古自治区,是中新生代发育的以古生代和前古生代变质岩系为基底的大型含油气沉积盆地。大庆长垣位于松辽盆地北部一级构造单元中央凹陷区内,是中央凹陷区内的一个二级构造单元,由七个局部构造组成,由于其具有丰富的石油资源而被广泛关注。本文在总结前人资料基础上,开展了大量二维、三维地震剖面(包括主测线和联络线)的精细解释,应用盆地构造、生长断层相关褶皱理论和及平衡剖面技术的最新研究成果,分析了大庆长垣主要构造样式、构造组合特征及其对沉积充填的控制作用,认为大庆长垣是形成于中新生代的大型挤压背斜,具有西翼陡东翼缓的构造特征,主要由浅部构造组合和深部构造组合共同构成:浅部为与挤压作用有关的逆断层和挤压一反转背斜、与伸展作用有关的正断层和地堑一地垒组合、与走滑作用有关的负花状构造;深部为与伸展作用有关的铲式正断层半地堑组合和多米诺正断层组合、滚动背斜复式半地堑。在大庆长垣背斜在形成过程中始终伴随着沉积作用,构造活动控制了地层层序和沉积充填特征。长垣背斜北部上白垩统嫩江组至明水组(T1-T02)、中部嫩江组四段至明水组(T05-T02)、南部嫩江组五段至明水组(T04-T02)沉积时期,上述地层具有生长地层的特征,主要表现为:(1)自背斜翼部向顶部地层的沉积厚度逐渐减薄,背斜翼部的地层呈楔形几何形态;(2)背斜翼部的地层由老到新倾角逐渐变缓,有的地段地层表现为向背斜较高部位逐渐上超。在上述构造变形特征、变形时间研究基础上,结合主要地震剖面构造发育史分析,提出松辽盆地自上白垩统嫩江组沉积开始持续受到近NWW-SEE向挤压作用形成大庆长垣背斜,但背斜不同构造部位的形成机制、隆升时间、隆升速率及高度都存在差异,主要经历了3个构造演化阶段:(1)嫩江组沉积时期的北部、中部和南部构造隆升阶段;(2)四方台组沉积时期的南部持续隆升和北部、中部背斜顶部迁移和持续隆升阶段;(3)明水组沉积时期大庆长垣持续隆升到逐渐减弱作用阶段。
[Abstract]:The Songliao Basin is located in the northeast of China and spans Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, Liaoning Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous region. It is a large petroliferous sedimentary basin with paleozoic and pre-Paleozoic metamorphic rocks as its basement. Daqing Placanticline is located in the central sag of the primary tectonic unit in the north of Songliao Basin and is a secondary tectonic unit in the Central Sag. It is composed of seven local structures and has been widely concerned because of its rich petroleum resources. Based on the summary of previous data, a large number of 2D and 3D seismic profiles (including main survey lines and tie lines) have been interpreted in detail in this paper. Based on the latest research results of basin structure, fault-related fold theory and balanced profile technique, the main structural styles, structural assemblages and their controlling effect on sedimentary filling of Daqing Placanticline are analyzed. It is considered that Daqing Placanticline is a large compressional anticline formed in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, with the structural characteristics of the west wing, the east wing, and the east wing. It is mainly composed of shallow tectonic assemblage and deep structural assemblage: shallow is the reverse fault and compression-reverse anticline related to compressibility, normal fault and graben-barrier assemblage related to extensional process. Negative flower-like structures related to strike-slip, deep shovel normal fault semi-graben assemblages and domino normal fault assemblages, A rolling anticline compound semi-graben. The Daqing anticline has always been accompanied by sedimentation during the formation of the anticline. The tectonic activity controlled the stratigraphic sequence and sedimentary filling characteristics. The sedimentary periods of upper Cretaceous Nenjiang formation to Mingshui formation T1-T02U, middle Nenjiang formation to Mingshui formation T05-T02U, southern Nenjiang formation to Mingshui formation T04-T02) were observed in the northern part of the Changyuan anticline. The above strata have the characteristics of growing strata, mainly as follows: (1) the sedimentary thickness from the anticline wing to the top layer is gradually thinning, and the formation of the anticline wing shows a wedge-shaped geometry form and the formation of the anticline wing gradually slows down from the old to the new dip angle. On the basis of the study of the above structural deformation characteristics and deformation time, combined with the analysis of the structural development history of the main seismic sections, It is suggested that the deposits of the Nenjiang formation of the Upper Cretaceous in Songliao Basin have been continuously squeezed by the near NWW-SEE direction to form the Daqing anticline, but the formation mechanism, uplift time, uplift rate and height of the anticline are different from each other. It has experienced three stages of tectonic evolution: the northern part of the Nenjiang formation sedimentary period, the central and southern tectonic uplift stage of Qian2) the southern uplift and the northern part of the sedimentary period of the Sifangtai formation. The top migration and continuous uplift stage of the central anticline (Qianzao 3)) the Daqing Placanticline continued to uplift to the stage of gradual weakening during the sedimentary period of Mingshui formation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P618.13

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