基于GIS与RS的山区干线公路地质灾害危险性评估

发布时间：2018-02-11 16:14

本文关键词： 山区干线公路 GIS 地质灾害危险性评价指标　出处：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国地质灾害,气象灾害种类繁多,目前因地质灾害、降雨等条件引起的山区干线公路交通事故、交通中断、交通延误等屡见不鲜,给人们的生命财产造成严重损失。本文依据安康市干线公路实际地质灾害状况开展研究,对安康市地质灾害类型、分布规律及形成因素进行分析,对地质灾害危险性进行评估,并提出相应的对策。首先,论文阐述地质灾害区域分布特征与形成机理,选取岩性因子、地形因子、植被因子、降雨因子、地震因子等作为地质灾害形成的主要因子,运用层次分析法确定各因子的权重。探讨基于GIS与RS的地质灾害评价因子提取量化的方法,在ArcGIS与ERDAS软件支持下,利用DEM数据提取地形因子,利用遥感影像图提取植被覆盖率,采用克里格插值方法进行了降雨量插值,最终得到地质灾害的各类评价因子。其次,对上述评价因子进行重分类、无量纲化处理、栅格图层加权叠加等操作,得到安康市地质灾害危险性区划,分为五个等级:低危险、较低危险、中度危险、高危险、极高危险。在此基础上将安康市干线公路网与安康市地质灾害区划图叠加,完成干线公路地质灾害危险性评估。最后,根据危险性等级评价结果,结合灾害实际发生情况,提出相应的预防对策,为安康市地质灾害防治与公路安全保障决策提供依据。区划结果表明:安康市干线公路地质灾害主要分布在汉阴、紫阳、岚皋,旬阳、白河为地质灾害低发区。同时将地质灾害危险性区划图与近年安康市地质灾害情况进行对比检验,结果基本吻合,说明GIS与RS能够较好的应用于地质灾害评估,这对安康市及其他地区的地质灾害风险预警与道路交通安全运行保障有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:There are many kinds of geological disasters and meteorological disasters in China. At present, traffic accidents, traffic disruptions, traffic delays, etc., caused by geological disasters, rainfall and other conditions, are common occurrence in mountain areas. According to the actual geological disaster situation of highway in Ankang City, the types, distribution and forming factors of geological hazards in Ankang City are analyzed, and the risk of geological disasters is evaluated. First of all, the paper expounds the regional distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of geological disasters, and selects lithologic factors, terrain factors, vegetation factors, rainfall factors, seismic factors as the main factors of geological hazards formation. The weight of each factor is determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The method of extracting and quantifying geological hazard evaluation factors based on GIS and RS is discussed. With the support of ArcGIS and ERDAS, topographic factors are extracted from DEM data and vegetation coverage is extracted from remote sensing images. Kriging interpolation method is used to carry out rainfall interpolation, and finally various evaluation factors of geological hazards are obtained. Secondly, the above evaluation factors are reclassified, dimensionless processing, grid layer weighted superposition, and so on. The zoning of geological hazard risk in Ankang City is divided into five grades: low danger, low danger, moderate danger, high danger, very high danger. On this basis, the highway network of Ankang City and the geological hazard zoning map of Ankang City are superimposed. Finally, according to the evaluation results of risk grade, combined with the actual occurrence of disasters, the corresponding preventive measures are put forward. The results show that the geological hazards of main highway in Ankang are mainly distributed in Hanyin, Ziyang, Langao, Xunyang, etc. Baihe River is a low occurrence area of geological hazards. The geological hazard zoning map is compared with the geological hazard situation of Ankang City in recent years, and the results are basically consistent. The results show that GIS and RS can be applied to geological hazard assessment better. It has certain guiding significance for early warning of geological hazard risk and operation guarantee of road traffic safety in Ankang City and other areas.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U412.22;P694

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