基于三维激光扫描技术的滑坡表面形变特征分析

发布时间：2018-02-22 15:46

本文关键词： 三维激光扫描滑坡变形监测整体形变　出处：《西南科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国的滑坡灾害具有分布广泛,发生频率大,危害严重等特点,其中西南、西北和中南地区灾情较重,不仅给人们的生命财产造成了严重损害,而且在一定程度上也影响了当地的生产、生活和经济发展。三维激光扫描技术是一门新兴的测绘技术,基本思想是以离散采样点为基元的几何模型,表达复杂表面的细节信息。在分析滑坡表面整体形变规律时,需要对点云生成的各种图件和数据进行定量分析。本文利用GIS技术的空间分析功能,对滑坡的坡度、坡向、地形剖面线、地形等高线等方面进行变形分析。其中利用Arc GIS处理的不规则三角网TIN地表数据和栅格数据,判断出滑坡表面的指定区域是否发生侵蚀或沉积现象;利用Arc GIS对栅格表面和TIN表面两类模型进行坡度、坡向分析;利用Poly Works基于三角面生成等高线,将两期数据中提取出来的等高线数据进行叠加分析;选取基于三角面生成断面线,表明该滑坡表面地形起伏变化较大。为解决直接利用点云数据做滑坡表面的形变特征分析精度较差的问题,本文提出基于色谱分析原理对点云(模型)进行差分对比,并在Arcgis中绘制成柱状图进行滑坡整体变形的定量对比。从获得的两期点云的偏差距离估计分布图中,不仅能够全面直观的定性分析滑坡的总体变形情形,而且可以准确定量分析的滑坡变形情况。对感兴趣的某个位置依据该位置偏差对应的颜色,进行准确定量分析滑坡变形。对探索三维激光扫描技术在滑坡监测领域的应用方法及理论,将具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Landslide disasters in China are characterized by wide distribution, large frequency and serious harm. The disaster situation in southwest, northwest and central south of China is serious, which not only causes serious damage to people's life and property, but also causes serious damage to people's life and property. To a certain extent, it also affects the local production, life and economic development.Three-dimensional laser scanning technology is a new mapping technology, the basic idea is a geometric model with discrete sampling points as the basis. It is necessary to quantitatively analyze all kinds of maps and data generated by point cloud in order to analyze the deformation law of landslide surface. In this paper, we use the spatial analysis function of GIS technology to analyze the slope and direction of landslide. The deformation analysis of terrain profile line and terrain contour line is carried out. Among them, the irregular triangular TIN surface data and grid data processed by Arc GIS are used to determine whether erosion or deposition occurs in the designated area of the landslide surface. Arc GIS is used to analyze the slope and direction of two kinds of models of grid surface and TIN surface, and Poly Works is used to generate contour line based on triangle surface, and the contour data extracted from the two periods data are superposed and analyzed. In order to solve the problem that the deformation characteristics of the landslide surface are analyzed by using point cloud data directly, the section line generated from the triangle plane is selected, which shows that the topography of the landslide surface fluctuates greatly. This paper presents a differential comparison of point clouds (models) based on the principle of chromatographic analysis, and makes a quantitative comparison of the global deformation of landslides by drawing a histogram in Arcgis. Not only can the overall deformation of the landslide be qualitatively analyzed, but also the deformation of the landslide can be accurately analyzed. Accurate quantitative analysis of landslide deformation will be of great significance for exploring the application and theory of 3D laser scanning technology in landslide monitoring field.
【学位授予单位】：西南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P225.2;P642.22

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