基于时频属性的储层分布特征研究及其应用

发布时间：2018-02-23 18:16

本文关键词： 特殊储层时频分析局部时频变换　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国国民经济当中，油气资源占据着主导地位，也是我国非常重要的战略物资。可是据调查研究，2011年我国的原油产量还不到总需求的半数，，其余都只能依赖于进口。考虑到国民经济的发展以及国家安全，发展油气资源成为当务之急。因为地震波的频率属性可以识别油气储层，所以衰减属性的影响因数、不同条件下的变化规律、提取方法以及应用效果的分析等系列方法技术的研究和实践是油气储层预测的重要支撑。随着油气勘探工作的发展与进步，勘探的精度要求便成为了时下的热点话题，如何能够有效识别油气便是摆在地球物理工作者面前的一道难题，众多的石油地质人多年来一直致力于此项研究中。其中有关于地震信号频率衰减属性的应用更是成为关注的焦点和热点，通常来讲地震波频率的衰减与油气有比较大的相关性，但又因为地下介质太过复杂，目前的数学物理方程也不足以完全的模拟出地震波在地下介质中的传播规律，所研究出的频率衰减属性也并不能够完全适用于所有的勘探工区，这就促使地球物理工作者还需要继续不断的努力下去。本文围绕着时频属性的储层分布特征的研究，介绍了几种常规的时频分析方法，时频表征图是一个一维信号表示在一个二维的时间-频率域中，描述信号的频谱是怎样随着时间变化的。时频分析曾广泛的用在地震数据处理和解释领域，包括衰减方法，直接油气检测，以及地层成像。短时傅里叶变换（STFT）方法的广泛使用产生了一个通过对数据时窗进行傅里叶变换的时频谱，但这种方法导致了时间和频率谱分辨率之间的此消彼长。在介绍并对比几种时频分析的方法后，本文应用了分频技术——它是地震数据处理与解释中的一种重要的技术手段。分频技术就是针对异常区，在等时地层格架控制下，将常规的地震数据处理为频率切片，把地震反射波中的高频率对应的调谐能量识别出来，以达到检测储层的目的。笔者把该技术应用于吉林某油田中，得知研究区内储层主要由两个朵叶构成，分别位于该油田的西北部和西南部。地震反射波的85%能量位置对应的频率、65%能量位置对应的频率和45Hz位置的能量百分比，三个时频属性可确定砂岩的分布范围，有利储层发育程度和分布范围，并给出了有利井位，和钻井情况一致。
[Abstract]:In China's national economy, oil and gas resources occupy a dominant position and are also very important strategic materials in China. However, according to investigation and research, in 2011, China's crude oil output was less than half of the total demand. The rest can only rely on imports. Considering the development of the national economy and national security, the development of oil and gas resources has become a top priority. Because the frequency attributes of seismic waves can identify oil and gas reservoirs, the influence factor of attenuation attributes is therefore, The research and practice of a series of methods and techniques, such as the law of variation under different conditions, the extraction method and the analysis of application effect, are important supports for oil and gas reservoir prediction. With the development and progress of oil and gas exploration, the accuracy requirement of exploration has become a hot topic. How to identify oil and gas effectively is a difficult problem for geophysical workers. Many petroleum geologists have been working on this research for many years. Among them, the application of frequency attenuation attribute of seismic signal has become the focus and hot spot. Generally speaking, the attenuation of seismic wave frequency has a relatively large correlation with oil and gas. But because the underground medium is too complicated, the current mathematical and physical equations are not enough to completely simulate the propagation law of seismic waves in underground media, and the frequency attenuation properties can not be fully applied to all exploration areas. This has prompted geophysicists to continue their efforts. Based on the study of reservoir distribution characteristics of time-frequency attributes, several conventional time-frequency analysis methods are introduced in this paper. The time-frequency representation graph is a one-dimensional signal representation in a two-dimensional time-frequency domain. Time-frequency analysis has been widely used in seismic data processing and interpretation, including attenuation methods, direct oil and gas detection, The wide use of STFT method has resulted in a time-frequency spectrum by Fourier transform to the data window, but this method leads to the variation of the spectral resolution between time and frequency. After introducing and comparing several time-frequency analysis methods, this paper applies the frequency division technique, which is an important technical means in seismic data processing and interpretation. The frequency division technique is aimed at abnormal areas under the control of isochronous stratigraphic framework. The conventional seismic data are processed as frequency slices, and the tuned energy corresponding to high frequency in seismic reflection waves is identified to achieve the purpose of reservoir detection. It is known that the reservoir in the study area is mainly composed of two leaves, located in the northwest and southwest of the oilfield, respectively. The frequency corresponding to the 85% energy position of the seismic reflection wave is 65% of the frequency corresponding to the energy position and the energy percentage of the 45Hz position. The three time-frequency attributes can determine the distribution range of sandstone favorable reservoir development and distribution range and give the favorable well location which is consistent with the drilling conditions.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13

【参考文献】