全球钾盐资源分布规律及其构造成因

发布时间：2018-02-25 08:34

本文关键词： 钾盐资源全球分布古板块位置构造成因　出处：《高校地质学报》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：全球钾盐矿床分布广泛,总储量达35×10~8t,是最重要的蒸发岩型矿床之一,主要分布在加拿大、白俄罗斯、俄罗斯、中国、美国、智利以及德国等地。文章分析了全球钾盐资源分布的时空特征,认为其主要以固体矿床形式分布于北半球海相、海陆相蒸发盐盆地中,主要成钾时期为寒武系、泥盆系、二叠系、侏罗系和白垩系。其中古生代的钾盐资源规模较大,分布于地壳相对稳定的板内坳陷区和板块边缘的坳陷带;而中新生代钾盐盆地在板内多位于拉张区域,而在板块边界上则可出现在伸展区或前陆盆地。结合古板块再造、古地理与古气候分析,认为全球钾矿资源形成和时空分布的因素包括:(1)古气候带。全球重要的钾盐矿床均形成于干旱气候,而其它无法保持长期干旱的气候环境,难以沉积钾矿资源;(2)全球海平面波动。海平面由高水位向低水位转换的海退环境最有利于钾盐的形成,在全球海平面处于非峰值且比较平稳的时期形成的钾盐较多;(3)大地构造环境。全球构造比较平静的时期(造山活动初期或造山后)与地区容易形成、聚集钾盐,而在造山事件频繁发生的时期钾盐形成较少。在此基础上,进一步讨论了中国钾矿资源分布广、规模小、分布集中的原因,即在全球最重要的钾盐沉积期,中国华北、华南与塔里木三大主要板块不能同时满足干旱环境和被浅海覆盖两个条件,不利于蒸发岩的形成。
[Abstract]:The potash deposits are widely distributed in the world, with a total reserves of 35 脳 10 ~ (8) t. They are one of the most important evaporite deposits, mainly distributed in Canada, Belarus, Russia, China and the United States. This paper analyzes the temporal and spatial characteristics of the distribution of global potash resources in Chile and Germany. It is considered that the distribution of potash resources is mainly in the form of solid deposits in the marine facies of the northern hemisphere and in the evaporated salt basins of the continental and sea facies, and the main periods of potassium formation are Cambrian and Devonian. Permian, Jurassic and Cretaceous. The Paleozoic potash resources are large, distributed in the relatively stable intraplate depression and the depression zone of plate margin, while Mesozoic and Cenozoic potash basins are located in the extensional area. The paleogeography and paleoclimate analysis of paleogeography and paleoclimate combined with paleo-plate reconstruction may occur in extensional areas or Foreland basins. It is considered that the factors contributing to the formation and space-time distribution of global potassium resources include the: 1) paleoclimate zone. All important potassium deposits in the world are formed in arid climates, while other climatic environments that cannot maintain a prolonged drought are found. It is difficult to deposit potassium ore resources. (2) Global sea level fluctuation. The regressive environment from high water level to low water level is the most favorable for the formation of potassium salt. The geotectonic environment in which the global sea level is in a non-peak and relatively stable period, in which there are more potassium salts, and where the global tectonics are relatively calm (at the beginning of orogenic activity or after orogeny) and regions are easy to form and accumulate potash salts. On the basis of this, the reason for the wide distribution, small scale and concentrated distribution of potash resources in China is discussed, that is, during the most important period of potash deposition in the world, North China. The three main plates of South China and Tarim can not meet the two conditions of drought environment and shallow sea coverage at the same time, which is not conducive to the formation of evaporite.
【作者单位】：中石化新星(北京)新能源研究院有限公司;北京大学地球与空间科学学院造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室;
【分类号】：P619.211

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