小流域中-低频泥石流与山洪输沙比例的讨论:以金沙江支流海子沟为例

发布时间：2018-03-09 09:31

本文选题：海子沟　切入点：中-低频率泥石流　出处：《成都理工大学学报(自然科学版)》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：泥石流山洪输沙比是工程防治设计的重要参数。本文以金沙江支流海子沟为例,调访了近115a的泥石流活动历史,查明了1996年一次最大规模泥石流运动参数,采用雨洪法计算了不同的泥石流发生频率下泥石流的流量、总量。通过对1899年至今海子沟堰塞坝泥沙淤积的测定,得出海子沟流域每年泥沙淤积量为1.23×10~5 m~3,总输沙量为1.42×107 m~3,流域平均剥蚀速率为1.5mm/a。由不同泥石流频率下海子沟泥石流的固体物质总量,计算出自1963年以来海子沟泥石流输沙量为1.67×10~6 m~3,而此期间山洪泥石流的总输沙量为6.65×10~6 m~3,由此确定海子沟泥石流的输沙量占山洪泥石流输沙总量的25%。而官坝河泥石流、白龙江流域泥石流、蒋家沟泥石流输沙量分别占总输沙量的29.5%、62.9%、99%,泥石流输沙量随着泥石流频率的增加而增加。高频率泥石流工程拦挡仅考虑泥石流输沙量;类似白龙江流域松散固体物质丰富的半干旱气候区泥石流防治拦挡工程需考虑山洪输沙量;而类似官坝河、海子沟中等频率的泥石流沟,需更多考虑山洪输沙量。
[Abstract]:The sediment transport ratio of debris flow is an important parameter for engineering design. Taking Haizi ditch, a tributary of Jinsha River, as an example, the debris flow activity history of nearly 115 years is investigated, and the maximum debris flow motion parameters are found out in 1996. The discharge and total amount of debris flow under different occurrence frequency of debris flow are calculated by the method of rain flood. The sediment deposition in the Weir dam of Haizigou is measured from 1899 to now. The results show that the annual siltation amount is 1.23 脳 10 ~ (5) m ~ (3), the total sediment transport is 1.42 脳 10 ~ (7) m ~ (3), and the average denudation rate is 1.5 mm / a. Since 1963, the sediment transport capacity of debris flow in Haizigou is 1.67 脳 10 ~ (6) m ~ (-3), while the total sediment discharge of mountain torrents and debris flow is 6.65 脳 10 ~ (6) m ~ (3). It is determined that the sediment transport of debris flow in Haizi ditch accounts for 25% of the total sediment transport in mountain torrents and debris flows in Guanba River. In the Bailong River basin, the sediment discharge of debris flow in Jiangjiagou area accounts for 29.5% of the total sediment discharge, and the sediment discharge amount of debris flow increases with the increase of debris flow frequency, and only debris flow sediment discharge is considered in high frequency debris flow engineering. The debris flow prevention and control in semi-arid climate area similar to the Bailong River basin in loose solid material need to consider the amount of mountain torrents and sediment transport, while those similar to the Guanba River and Haizi ditch with medium frequency need to take more account of the amount of mountain flood sediment transport.
【作者单位】：中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所;地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室(成都理工大学);
【基金】：国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(41661134012) 中国长江三峡集团公司科研项目(JGJ0492014)
【分类号】：P642.23

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