中国西部海相盆地地质结构控制油气分布的比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 13:27

本文选题：多旋回叠合盆地　切入点：地质结构　出处：《岩石学报》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：中国西部塔里木、四川、鄂尔多斯等海相盆地的中、下组合是我国油气勘探的重点领域,深化研究油气分布规律是优化勘探部署、提高勘探效益与持续获得勘探发现的关键。本文从盆地地质结构控制油气分布的学术思路出发,立足于近年来的勘探新进展、新发现,应用比较分析方法,揭示油气分布的构造控制规律。研究表明,塔里木、四川、鄂尔多斯等海相盆地位于古亚洲洋构造域、特提斯构造域的复合作用区,是在前寒武纪克拉通基础上发展起来的多旋回叠合盆地;它们经历了Z-D_2、(D_3-)C_2-T、J-Q等三个伸展-聚敛旋回的演化;每一伸展-聚敛旋回发育了独立的生-储-盖组合,伸展期因差异沉降发育好的烃源岩,聚敛期发育大规模展布的储集体与圈闭组合;盆地的基底分区对后期原型盆地的发育和沉积盖层的分布具有明显的制约作用,盆地多旋回叠合,形成了"垂向分层、横向分块"的地质结构,叠合结构样式控制了油气聚集层系与富集区带,普遍存在加里东中期与印支期等两期原生油气成藏期,及燕山中期(J_3-K_1)与喜马拉雅晚期(N_2-Q)等两期油气调整成藏期,新构造运动期油气成藏较为普遍。海相叠合盆地含油气层系多,原型盆地的叠合界面常是重要的油气富集部位,隆起带、断裂带、台缘带(或岩相带)是重要的油气富集区(带),叠合盆地的中下部组合是下一步油气勘探持续突破的有利方向。
[Abstract]:The middle and lower assemblages of marine basins such as Tarim, Sichuan and Ordos in western China are the key areas of oil and gas exploration in China. The key to improving exploration efficiency and continuously obtaining exploration discovery is presented in this paper, based on the academic thinking of basin geological structure controlling oil and gas distribution, based on the new progress of exploration in recent years, new discovery, and application of comparative analysis method. The study shows that the marine basins of Tarim, Sichuan and Ordos are located in the complex action area of the Paleo-Asian oceanic tectonic domain and the Tethys tectonic domain. They are polycyclic superimposed basins developed on the basis of the Precambrian cratons; they have undergone the evolution of three extension-convergence cycles, Z-D2D / D _ 3-C _ 2-TJ _ Q, and each extension-convergence cycle has developed an independent biogenic-reservo-cap assemblage, During the extensional period, the hydrocarbon source rocks developed well due to differential subsidence, the accumulation period developed large-scale reservoir and trap assemblages, and the basement zoning of the basin obviously restricted the development of the late prototype basin and the distribution of sedimentary caprocks. The basin formed the geological structure of "vertical stratification, transverse block", which controlled the oil and gas accumulation strata and the rich area belt, and there were two primary oil and gas accumulation periods, such as the middle Caledonian period and the Indosinian period. In the two stages of oil and gas accumulation, such as J _ S _ 3-K _ S _ 1 and N _ S _ 2-Q), the formation of oil and gas reservoirs is common in the neotectonic movement period. There are many oil-bearing gas reservoirs in marine superimposed basins, and the superimposed interfaces of the prototype basins are often important oil and gas enrichment sites. Uplift zone, fault zone, platform margin zone (or lithofacies zone) are important oil and gas accumulation areas (belt and superimposed basin), which is the favorable direction for further breakthrough of oil and gas exploration.
【作者单位】：中国地质大学能源学院;中国石油化工集团;中国石油西南油气田分公司;中国石油勘探开发研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41430316、40739906)和面上项目(41272237)联合资助
【分类号】：P618.13

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