叠合盆地古老深层碳酸盐岩油气成藏过程和特征——以四川叠合盆地震旦系灯影组为例

发布时间：2018-03-14 23:00

本文选题：叠合盆地　切入点：埃迪卡拉系　出处：《成都理工大学学报(自然科学版)》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：四川叠合盆地震旦系(埃迪卡拉系)灯影组是目前中国最古老的油气产层,勘探历史超过50年。其有效烃源岩主要是下寒武统筇竹寺组,储集层主要为灯影组微生物白云岩与受桐湾运动影响形成的风化壳储集层,直接盖层为筇竹寺组泥岩;生储盖组合从层位上来讲主要是上(新)生下(老)储顶盖型,从空间分布来讲主要是旁生侧储顶盖型。其油气成藏过程为"四中心"(生烃中心、生气中心、储气中心和保气中心)耦合,生烃中心生成的油气运移至古构造形成古油藏(生气中心),古油藏内石油深埋裂解形成古气藏(储气中心),受盆地内晚期快速隆升和盆缘造山带影响,灯影组古气藏内的天然气沿灯影组顶不整合面再次发生长距离运移调整成藏或破坏,形成现今天然气藏(保气中心)。灯影组天然气成藏或破坏有5种模式,即高石梯型、威远型、通南巴型、焦石坝型和丁山-林滩场型。四川叠合盆地震旦系灯影组的长期勘探和深入研究揭示出叠合盆地古老深层碳酸盐岩油气成藏特征是:(1)烃源岩生物类型低等化和有机质高演化;(2)储集层成岩强度大、演化时间长,趋于致密化,上覆负荷作用可能导致深层储集层质量变差;(3)油气成藏过程具烃态(固、液、气)转变和多阶段性,油气分布具有突出的差异性和多因素联控;(4)油气形成和保存的关键因素是烃源充足、保存条件佳和构造稳定。
[Abstract]:The Dengying formation of the Sinian (Edikala system) in the superimposed basin of Sichuan Province is the oldest oil and gas producer in China at present and has a history of exploration for more than 50 years. Its effective source rock is mainly the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi formation. The reservoir is mainly composed of microbial dolomite of Dengying formation and weathered crust reservoir influenced by Tongwan movement, and the direct caprock is mudstone of Qiongzhusi formation. In terms of spatial distribution, it is mainly a side side reservoir cap type. The process of oil and gas accumulation is coupled with "four centers" (hydrocarbon generation center, gas generation center, gas storage center and gas preservation center). Oil and gas migration from hydrocarbon generation center to paleotectonics formed paleoreservoirs (gas generation center, oil deep burying and cracking in paleo-reservoir), which were influenced by rapid uplift in the late stage of basin and basin margin orogenic belt. The natural gas in the Dengying formation paleogas reservoir reoccurs long distance migration to form or destroy along the top unconformity surface of the Dengying formation, forming the present natural gas reservoir. There are five types of gas accumulation or destruction in the Dengying formation, that is, the high stone ladder type. Weiyuan type, Tongnanba type, Jiaoshiba type and Dingshan-Lintan field type. Long-term exploration and in-depth study of the Dengying formation of the Sinian system in the Sichuan superimposed basin reveals that the hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of the ancient deep carbonate rocks in the superimposed basin are the low biotypes of the source rocks. The diagenetic strength of the reservoir is large. The evolution time is long and tends to be densified. Overloading may lead to poor quality of deep reservoir and the formation process of oil and gas has hydrocarbon state (solid, liquid, gas) transition and multi-stage. The key factors of hydrocarbon formation and preservation are sufficient hydrocarbon source, good preservation conditions and stable structure.
【作者单位】：油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室(成都理工大学);
【基金】：国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05005003-007) 国家重点基础研究发展计划“973”项目(2012CB214805)
【分类号】：P618.13

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