基于多源遥感数据岩浆岩地区岩性信息提取研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 07:36

本文选题：多源数据　切入点：岩浆岩　出处：《杭州师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在岩浆岩地区进行遥感地质找矿涉及区域地质构造分析、岩性识别等多方面的研究。岩性信息增强提取的研究是遥感地质找矿的重要研究方向,本文以康古尔地区为例利用多源遥感数据进行岩浆岩岩性信息增强提取方法的研究。康古尔地区位于新疆哈密西南方向,位于与成矿密切相关的康古尔塔格断裂带与秋格明塔什—黄山韧性剪切带附近,是新疆较为重要的成矿区。区内有众多的侵入岩浆岩岩体,这些侵入岩体与附近的铜镍矿及金矿较为相关。本文利用遥感技术对于该地区部分中酸性侵入岩体的岩性信息进行了增强与提取研究,该研究与多种金属矿床的成因研究较为相关,可以为矿产资源调查提供有力的支撑和依据。本文通过分析实测典型岩石的光谱信息,利用多源遥感影像及岩性增强和识别技术对康古尔地区岩性信息进行增强与提取,取得了一定的成果。研究中,通过对野外采集的典型岩石样品进行光谱测试,获得不同侵入期次侵入岩的典型光谱曲线。结合前人经验并与USGS波谱库的矿物波谱特征进行对比,总结分析不同岩性光谱特征,研究岩性特征光谱对应产生原因及遥感数据能体现岩性特征光谱的波段。由于单一的遥感数据对岩性的探测能力有限,而多源遥感数据能较为有效获取与地面光谱特征相近的特征波段,因此研究中基于光谱特征,利用多源遥感数据对康古尔研究区的岩性进行信息增强与提取,总结了一套较为有效的技术方法,并为区域找矿提供了一定的方法基础和理论依据。本文创新之处与认识如下:(1)基于岩石样品测试光谱,总结了康古尔地区主要岩性的光谱特征规律,并评估了ASTER、Landsat8 OLI等遥感数据对特征波段的敏感性,以及利用这些遥感数据进行岩性信息增强的技术方法。(2)从岩性光谱特征及单种遥感影像的不足出发,探讨了ASTER多光谱遥感数据与Landsat8 OLI、SPOT5、WorldView-2数据波段协同增强岩性信息的方法。工作中探讨了多源遥感数据的融合及协同等处理过程,利用协同多源遥感影像初步探讨了用单种影像空间分辨率不足、光谱分辨率不足等问题的解决方案。(3)基于数学统计思想对多源遥感影像进行面向岩性信息增强提取应用的最佳波段组合选择。用获得的最佳波段组合进行假彩色合成方式增强了区域岩性特征,并通过解译分析,对比了不同源遥感数据对岩性解译分类的效果,最终提取了较为准确的区域岩性信息。
[Abstract]:Remote sensing geological prospecting in magmatic rock area involves regional geological structure analysis, lithologic identification, etc. The enhancement of lithologic information extraction is an important research direction of remote sensing geological prospecting. In this paper, we take Kanggur area as an example to study the enhancement and extraction method of magmatic lithology information using multi-source remote sensing data. Kanggur area is located in the southwest of Hami, Xinjiang. Located near the Kangguertag fault zone and the Qiugemingtash-Huangshan ductile shear zone, which is closely related to mineralization, it is a relatively important metallogenic area in Xinjiang. There are many intrusive magmatic rocks in this area. These intrusive rocks are related to the nearby copper-nickel deposits and gold deposits. In this paper, the lithologic information of some intermediate-acid intrusive rocks in this area has been enhanced and extracted by remote sensing. This study is related to the genetic study of many kinds of metal deposits and can provide strong support and basis for mineral resources investigation. This paper analyzes the spectral information of typical rocks measured in this paper. Using multi-source remote sensing image and lithology enhancement and recognition technology to enhance and extract lithologic information in Kanggur area, some achievements have been obtained. In the study, the typical rock samples collected in the field are tested by spectrum. The typical spectral curves of the intrusive rocks in different intrusive periods were obtained. The spectral characteristics of different lithology were summarized and analyzed by comparing the spectral characteristics of minerals with the USGS spectrum library. To study the cause of lithologic characteristic spectrum and the band where remote sensing data can reflect lithologic characteristic spectrum. Because of the limited ability of single remote sensing data to detect lithology, The multi-source remote sensing data can obtain the characteristic bands close to the ground spectral characteristics effectively. Therefore, based on the spectral characteristics, the multi-source remote sensing data are used to enhance and extract the lithology of Kanggul study area. This paper summarizes a set of effective technical methods, and provides a certain method basis and theoretical basis for regional prospecting. The innovations and understanding of this paper are as follows: 1) based on the rock sample test spectrum, The spectral characteristics of the main lithology in Kanggur area are summarized, and the sensitivity of remote sensing data such as ASTERGU Landsat 8 OLI to the characteristic band is evaluated. And the technical method of using these remote sensing data to enhance lithology information. 2) starting from the characteristics of lithology spectrum and the deficiency of single remote sensing image, The method of synergistic enhancement of lithologic information between ASTER multispectral remote sensing data and Landsat8 OLI SPOT5 / WorldView-2 data band is discussed. The process of fusion and collaborative processing of multi-source remote sensing data is discussed. In this paper, the lack of spatial resolution of single image is preliminarily discussed by using cooperative multi-source remote sensing images. The solution to the problem of insufficient spectral resolution. (3) based on mathematical statistics, the best band combination selection for lithologic information enhancement and extraction of multi-source remote sensing image is carried out. Using the obtained best band combination to carry out pseudocolor. The combination method enhances the regional lithologic characteristics, Through interpretation and analysis, the effects of different remote sensing data on lithology interpretation and classification are compared, and more accurate regional lithologic information is extracted.
【学位授予单位】：杭州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P627

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