湖北省杉树垭磷矿区西部矿段崩塌地质灾害稳定性评价分析

发布时间：2018-03-17 22:17

本文选题：采空区　切入点：拉张裂隙　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：湖北省是我国磷矿产资源大省,该地区磷矿开采历史悠久。但随着矿产资源的开发利用,该地区的矿山地质灾害日益增多,并且因地下开采形成的采空区塌陷面积、分布范围也在逐步扩大,时有因采空塌陷诱发的地质灾害发生,严重威胁到当地居民的安全。本文主要对湖北省宜昌市杉树垭磷矿区西部矿段内的危岩体进行研究分析,在阐明研究区地质环境条件的基础上,分析了区内危岩体的基本特征和规律,通过模型式数值计算对危岩体的稳定性进行评价分析,并利用3DEC数值软件,对危岩体发育崩塌地质灾害的形成及变形演化过程进行可视化分析,旨在进行区内危岩体在矿山开采形成采空区引发的崩塌地质灾害预测与形成机理分析,为生产及相关研究提供一定的参考价值,并为防治措施的制定提供依据,保障矿区生产安全及当地居民的人身财产安全。本文主要研究内容和研究成果如下：(1)研究区内斜坡岩性为震旦系上统灯影组的厚层-巨厚层状白云岩,地形陡峭,崖壁广布,危岩体发育,地质构造复杂,发育有多条与斜坡走向近平行的断裂,为崩塌的发生提供了必要条件。(2)调查、收集区内危岩体的详细情况,总结危岩体发育的结构特征、受力特征和分布规律等,并分析危岩体发生崩塌后的运动特征主要为突发性强及运动轨迹的不确定性。(3)论文采用模型式定量计算采空区顶板开裂高度为189.13m,开裂高度将直接影响到地表或地表灯影组地层,与地表坡体裂隙贯通,导致坡体裂缝拉张,在重力及卸荷作用下,极易引发崩塌地质灾害的形成。(4)结合区内危岩体特征,坡体的后缘拉裂与坡体结构面的特征分析,研究区内危岩体的主要破坏形式为：拉张—滑塌式崩塌与拉张—倾倒式崩塌。(5)采用3DEC数值模拟软件,针对拉张—滑塌式崩塌,模拟磷矿地下采空导致坡体变形破坏的演化过程。随着地下采空的形成,坡体发生了不均匀沉降,坡体表面变性破坏明显。进一步将坡体变形破坏过程分为三个阶段：磷矿开采阶段、采空区塌陷阶段和崩塌形成阶段。(6)综合现场调查、模型式计算结果和数值模拟过程分析得出,在未来矿山开采形成大面积的采空区后,引发地表沉降将破坏危岩体的稳定性,失去稳定的危岩体极易崩落产生崩塌地质灾害。
[Abstract]:Hubei Province is a large province of phosphorus mineral resources in China. The mining history of phosphate rock in this area is long. However, with the development and utilization of mineral resources, the geological hazards of mines in this area are increasing day by day, and the caved area of goaf formed by underground mining is also increased. The distribution range is also gradually expanding, and there are geological disasters induced by caving, which seriously threaten the safety of local residents. This paper mainly studies and analyses the dangerous rock mass in the western section of the Zhanshuya phosphate ore area, Yichang City, Hubei Province. On the basis of clarifying the geological environmental conditions of the study area, the basic characteristics and laws of the dangerous rock mass in the area are analyzed, and the stability of the dangerous rock mass is evaluated and analyzed by the model numerical calculation, and the numerical software 3DEC is used to evaluate the stability of the dangerous rock mass. The formation and deformation evolution process of dangerous rock mass development and collapse geological hazard are analyzed visually in order to predict and analyze the formation mechanism of collapse geological hazard caused by dangerous rock mass in mining goaf in this area. To provide some reference value for production and related research, and to provide the basis for the formulation of prevention and control measures. The main research contents and results of this paper are as follows: 1) the slope lithology in the study area is thick-thick stratified dolomite of the Upper Sinian Dengying formation with steep topography and wide cliffs. The dangerous rock mass is developed, the geological structure is complex, and there are many faults near parallel to the slope strike, which provide the necessary conditions for the occurrence of the collapse. The detailed situation of the dangerous rock mass in the area is collected, and the structural characteristics of the dangerous rock mass development are summarized. Stress characteristics and distribution laws, etc., It also analyzes that the movement characteristics of dangerous rock mass after collapse are mainly sudden strong and uncertainty of motion track.) in this paper, the height of roof cracking in goaf is calculated quantitatively to be 189.13 m, and the crack height will directly affect the formation of Dengying formation on the surface or surface. It is easy to cause the formation of collapse geological hazard under the action of gravity and unloading, combining with the characteristics of dangerous rock mass in the area, and the characteristic analysis of the back edge of the slope body and the structural plane of slope body, which is connected with the fracture of the surface slope body, which leads to the extension of the fracture of the slope body, and the formation of the geological disaster of collapse easily under the action of gravity and unloading. The main failure forms of dangerous rock mass in the study area are as follows: tension-slide collapse and tension-toppling collapse. 3DEC numerical simulation software is used to solve the problem of tension-slide collapse. The evolution process of slope deformation and destruction caused by underground mining of phosphate rock is simulated. With the formation of underground mining, uneven settlement of slope occurs. The deformation and failure process of slope body is further divided into three stages: phosphate mining stage, goaf collapse stage and collapse formation stage. The result of model calculation and the analysis of numerical simulation process show that, after a large area of goaf is formed in the future mining, the surface subsidence will destroy the stability of the dangerous rock mass, and the unstable dangerous rock mass will easily collapse and cause the geological disaster of collapse.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P642.21

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