花岗岩:大陆地质研究的突破口以及若干关键科学问题——“岩石学报”花岗岩专辑代序

发布时间：2018-03-18 20:08

本文选题：花岗岩　切入点：大陆演化　出处：《岩石学报》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：地球是宇宙中迄今唯一发现有花岗岩的星球。从物质组成而言,大洋的核心问题是玄武岩,大陆的核心问题是花岗岩。花岗岩从被发现的那一天起,围绕它的产状、成因和演化过程及其地质意义的争论就没有停止过。最早的陆壳由长英质片麻岩TTG组成,TTG不能从地幔中直接熔出,是地幔熔融的玄武岩再次熔融形成的。初始的陆壳富钠,太古宙以后的陆壳开始明显富钾。洋壳的寿命仅2~3亿年,陆壳的寿命可长达40~44亿年。花岗岩记录了大陆形成与演化的全过程,大陆演化对于认知地球具有无法替代的作用。因此,花岗岩在某种程度上可以作为陆壳的代用词。20世纪60年代兴起的板块构造理论是地球科学的一次革命,但是,板块构造理论并未解决大陆形成、演化和改造的根本问题。此外,花岗岩与大陆成矿作用关系也非常密切。花岗岩成因还存在诸多待解难题。对花岗岩的研究,只有跳出岩石学和岩石地球化学的范畴,才能真正理解大陆构造的问题。花岗岩所凝聚的科学问题是对板块构造理论的巨大挑战,也是固体地球科学理论创新的重大机遇。花岗岩研究从岩石地球化学层面跃升到陆壳演化层面,是研究思维和理论创新的突破,是21世纪花岗岩研究的重大转折。
[Abstract]:Earth is the only planet in the universe that has so far found granite. In terms of material composition, the core problem in the ocean is basalt, and the core problem in the continent is granite. Granite has been around its occurrence since the day it was discovered. The origin and evolution process and its geological significance have never stopped. The earliest continental crust composed of felsic gneiss TTG could not melt out directly from the mantle, and was formed by the melting of mantle basalts again. The initial continental crust was rich in sodium. After Archean, the continental crust was obviously rich in potassium. The lifetime of oceanic crust was only 2 ~ 300 million years, and that of continental crust could be up to 40 ~ 4.4 billion years. Granite recorded the whole process of continental formation and evolution. Continental evolution has an irreplaceable role in understanding the Earth. Therefore, the theory of plate tectonics, which arose in 60s in the 20th century, is a revolution in earth science, but, to some extent, granite can be used as a proxy for continental crust. The theory of plate tectonics has not solved the fundamental problems of continental formation, evolution and transformation. In addition, the relationship between granites and continental mineralization is also very close. Only by going beyond the realm of petrology and geochemistry can we really understand the problems of continental tectonics. The scientific problems condensed by granite are a great challenge to the theory of plate tectonics. It is also a great opportunity for the theoretical innovation of solid earth science. The leaping of granite research from petrogeochemical level to continental crust evolution level is a breakthrough in research thinking and theoretical innovation, and is a major turning point in granite research in 21th century.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所;浙江大学地球科学学院;
【基金】：中国科学院先导项目(XDB1803020)和前沿课题(QYZDY-SSW-DQco17)联合资助
【分类号】：P588.121

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