构造煤槽波地震探测可行性分析

发布时间：2018-03-20 05:05

本文选题：瓦斯　切入点：构造煤　出处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：煤与瓦斯突出灾害是影响煤矿安全生产的重大危害之一,构造煤是瓦斯突出的物质基础,如能够通过地球物理手段预测出构造煤分布区域,对减少煤矿瓦斯突出灾害将起到积极作用。槽波地震技术在煤层厚度及小构造探测方面取得较好的应用成果,但对于构造煤探测尚未成熟。利用槽波正演模拟技术,分析槽波在不同煤体结构煤层中的传播规律,发现槽波在构造煤和原生结构煤中速度频散和能量衰减差异明显。建立构造煤和原生结构煤中勒夫型槽波速度频散和能量衰减曲线,认为低频段槽波受煤层厚度和煤体结构两者共同影响,而高频段槽波受煤层厚度影响小,与煤体结构类型关系更密切;槽波在煤层中随传播距离增加,能量逐渐减弱,影响因素除波前扩散和介质吸收作用外,还受透射能量损失等因素影响。当煤层较厚时,透射能量损失占主导地位,原生结构煤透射区域大于构造煤,使得构造煤中槽波能量高于原生结构煤;当煤层较薄时,介质吸收作用占主导地位,原生结构煤介质吸收作用弱于构造煤,使得构造煤中槽波能量低于原生结构煤。构造煤中槽波在不同频率下吸收衰减系数随煤层厚度变化大,而原生结构煤中槽波吸收衰减系数变化小。槽波在构造煤和原生结构煤中的传播特征差异,有望为构造煤预测提供依据。
[Abstract]:Coal and gas outburst disasters are one of the major hazards affecting the safety of coal production. Tectonic coal is the material basis of gas outburst, for example, the distribution area of tectonic coal can be predicted by geophysical means. It will play a positive role in reducing the gas outburst disaster in coal mine. The trench wave seismic technique has achieved good results in the exploration of coal seam thickness and small structure, but it is not yet mature for structural coal detection. The propagation law of trough wave in coal seam with different coal structure is analyzed. It is found that the velocity dispersion and energy attenuation of grooves in tectonic coal and primary structure coal are obviously different, and the velocity dispersion and energy attenuation curve of Lefe type trough wave in tectonic coal and primary structure coal are established. It is considered that the groove wave in low frequency band is affected by both coal seam thickness and coal body structure, while the groove wave in high frequency band is less affected by coal seam thickness, which is more closely related to coal body structure type, and the energy of groove wave decreases with the increase of coal seam propagation distance. In addition to the effect of wave front diffusion and medium absorption, the influence factors are also affected by transmission energy loss. When the coal seam is thicker, the transmission energy loss is dominant, and the transmission area of primary structure coal is larger than that of tectonic coal. The energy of trough wave in structural coal is higher than that of primary coal, when the coal is thin, the absorption of medium is dominant, and the absorption of primary coal is weaker than that of structural coal. The energy of trough wave in structural coal is lower than that in primary structure coal. The attenuation coefficient of trough wave in tectonic coal varies greatly with the thickness of coal seam at different frequencies. However, the attenuation coefficient of the trough wave in the primary coal has little change, and the difference of the propagation characteristics of the trough wave between the tectonic coal and the primary structure coal is expected to provide the basis for the prediction of the tectonic coal.
【作者单位】：河南理工大学资源环境学院;中原经济区煤层(页岩)气河南省协同创新中心;河南理工大学安全科学与工程学院;
【基金】：国家科技重大专项项目(2011ZX05040-005) 国家自然科学基金项目(41202084) 河南省高校科技创新团队支持计划项目(14IRTSTHN002)
【分类号】：P631.4;TD713

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