蚂蚁河干流尚志市长寿—河北村段浅层地下水资源评价与永续开采研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 04:38

  本文选题：蚂蚁河　切入点：地下水资源　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市人口增长和社会经济不断发展，对需水量日益增加；工农业和生活污染也造成水质污染和恶化，使得水资源供需矛盾日益尖锐。本论文以黑龙江省东南部蚂蚁河中游的尚志市，以地下水作为主要供水水源的城市为例进行地下水资源进行评价、提出水资源永续开发利用方案，以满足其人口、资源、环境和经济社会协调发展的迫切要求。 本文从研究区自然地理、社会经济、地质及水文地质条件出发，利用GMS软件建立三维地质结构模型，并根据模型对地层展示和分析；根据地质和水文地质条件建立水文地质概念模型和数学模型，，运用GMS软件进行地下水流数值模拟；利用水量均衡法计算地下水可开采量并评价开采潜力；利用数值模型对未来二十年的地下水位进行预测和分析。根据长期监测的地下水位数据分析水位动态；利用Aquachem软件分析水化学类型及特征，在有效利用ArcGIS平台、结合数理统计、随机模型、PEST优化模型、模糊评价等理论对研究区水资源量和水质进行深层次的分析研究，对未来地下水的迁移转化特征、可持续发展做出有效的预测评价。在上述基础上根据研究区具体情况制定出地下水资源永续开采方案及保护措施。本次研究取得的主要成果如下： （1）建立了三维水文地质概念模型：潜水含水层主要分布于漫滩区、一级阶地区，由全新统、上更新统砂、圆砾组成；承压水含水层分布于波状台地区，岩性为中更新统砂、圆砾；潜水主要接受降水入渗和侧向径流补给，主要以人工开采、蒸发和侧向径流方式排泄；承压水主要接受侧向径流补给，以人工开采和侧向径流方式排泄。 （2）区内潜水和承压水水化学类型主要为HCO3-Ca Mg为主，以溶滤作用为主导，也受到人类活动的影响；由于农业化肥的使用、工业废水和生活污水排放及原生地质环境，地下水中铁、锰、氟化物、氰化物、挥发性酚类等离子超标，经处理后方可作为饮用水，主要的水质类型为Ⅱ类。 （3）根据实际观测资料，对模型进行了识别和验证，水位拟合误差小于0.5m的结点分别占已知水位结点数的98.5％和89.5％；模拟期地下水总补给量是325.5104m3，总排泄量是344.29104m3。 （4）采用水量均衡法计算得到目前现状可开采量为-18.79104m3，处于负均衡状态；在现状开采量条件下，地下水处于超采状态，仍不能满足当前的供水需求。 （5）模型预测分析结果表明：增大开采量会加快水位下降和降落漏斗的扩展速度，将会引起区域地下水位下降、土地荒漠化等生态环境问题，调整开采布局是控制漏斗中心水位下降的有效途径。而实现区内水资源永续开采，须以可持续发展理论为指导思想，建立完善的水资源配置和管理体系。 （6）地下水资源合理开发利用及保护的措施为：优化开采布局、开发地表引水工程、整治污染源、建立地下水水位、水质动态监测网络等。
[Abstract]:Urban population growth and social and economic development, increasing water demand, and industrial, agricultural and domestic pollution also contribute to water pollution and deterioration, In this paper, taking Shangzhi City in the middle reaches of Ant River in southeastern Heilongjiang Province and taking groundwater as the main source of water supply, the groundwater resources are evaluated. In order to meet the urgent need of coordinated development of population, resources, environment and economy and society, the sustainable development and utilization of water resources is put forward. Based on the natural geography, social economy, geology and hydrogeological conditions of the study area, a three-dimensional geological structure model is established by using GMS software, and the strata are displayed and analyzed according to the model. According to the geological and hydrogeological conditions, the conceptual model and mathematical model of hydrogeology are established, and the numerical simulation of groundwater flow is carried out by using GMS software, and the recoverable quantity of groundwater is calculated by the method of water balance and the potential of exploitation is evaluated. The groundwater level in the next 20 years is predicted and analyzed by numerical model. According to the data of groundwater level monitored for a long time, the dynamic analysis of water level is carried out, the types and characteristics of water chemistry are analyzed by Aquachem software, and the effective use of ArcGIS platform is combined with mathematical statistics. Random model pest optimization model, fuzzy evaluation and other theories are used to analyze the quantity of water resources and water quality in the study area, and the characteristics of groundwater migration and transformation in the future. On the basis of the above, the sustainable exploitation plan and protection measures of groundwater resources are formulated according to the specific conditions of the study area. The main results of this study are as follows:. 1) A three-dimensional hydrogeological conceptual model is established: the groundwater aquifer is mainly distributed in the floodplain area, the first-order area is composed of the brand-new series, the upper Pleistocene sand and the round gravel, and the confined water aquifer is distributed in the Yu Bo type platform area, and the lithology of the aquifer is that of the middle renewal series sand. Submersible water mainly receives precipitation infiltration and lateral runoff recharge, mainly by artificial mining, evaporation and lateral runoff discharge; confined water mainly accepts lateral runoff recharge, artificial mining and lateral runoff discharge. (2) the chemical types of submersible and confined water in the area are mainly HCO3-Ca mg, dominated by leaching and filtration, and also influenced by human activities; due to the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture, industrial wastewater and domestic sewage discharge and primary geological environment, iron in groundwater, Manganese, fluoride, cyanide, volatile phenolic plasma exceed the standard, after treatment can be used as drinking water, the main type of water quality is class 鈪

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