泊江海子煤矿井工开采引起地表变形的问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 10:15

本文选题：地表变形　切入点：矿山地质环境　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：煤矿井工开采过程中会产生诸多的矿山地质环境问题,其中地面塌陷、沉降和裂缝等地表变形破坏,已经给人们造成了巨大的经济损失,严重制约着矿区经济和社会的可持续发展。为了减少泊江海子煤矿地表变形引起的损失,在其矿山开采过程中,对其变形机理和规律特点进行研究,且对其变形进行准确预计,是降低和控制地表变形的前提,所以开展泊江海子煤矿井工开采地表变形的机理和预测研究有着重要的理论和现实意义。本文所做的工作和得出的结论具体如下:(1)本文研究了泊江海子煤矿井工开采引起的地表变形移动的机理、影响因素、规律,并指出了泊江海子煤矿井工开采引起地表移动具有滞后性的特点。因泊江海子煤矿矿层埋深大,矿层的开采厚度中等,覆层岩性为软弱~半坚硬,所以理论上得出其地表变形在竖直剖面上存在“三带”,研究区的地表变形会相对较严重的结论。(2)本文采用概率积分法,通过《地表移动与变形预计系统》软件对研究区近五年及全井田地下开采引起的地面下沉、倾斜、移动和变形进行了预测计算,对预测结果进行了具体的分析,并对不同时期的地表变形量进行了比较,制作了其地面下沉等值线图和水平变形等值线云图,通过分析研究图形特点,总结了研究区地表变形的规律,得到这个图形中等值线均为闭合椭圆形,并中心变形值最大,变形值由内向外逐渐减小,即采空区中心竖向对应地面的沉降量最大,水平变形量最小的结论。亦可知不同的工作面采动对上覆岩层的作用是相互影响的,地面同一区域的地表变形是多个采动工作面引起地表变形相互叠加的结果。(3)结合研究区地表变形预测结果,本文在地表变形等值线图中对可能产生裂缝塌陷的区域作了标记,针对研究区因井工开采导致塌陷、裂缝等相关地质灾害,以灾害易发区为重点提出了对应的防治工程措施,为降低泊江海子煤矿在未来开采过程中可能发生的地面塌陷和地裂缝灾害等造成的破坏,提供了强有力的防治基础。
[Abstract]:In the process of mining, there are many geological environment problems in coal mine, including ground subsidence, subsidence and fracture, which have caused huge economic losses to people. In order to reduce the loss caused by surface deformation in Pojianghaizi Coal Mine, the mechanism and characteristics of deformation are studied in the mining process, and the deformation is predicted accurately. Is the premise to reduce and control the deformation of the earth's surface. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the mechanism and prediction of surface deformation in mining in Pojianghaizi Coal Mine. The work done and the conclusion reached in this paper are as follows: 1) this paper studies the coal miners in Pojianghaizi Coal Mine. The mechanism of surface deformation and movement caused by mining, The influencing factors, rules, and characteristics of surface movement caused by workmanship mining in Pojianghaizi coal mine are pointed out. Because of the large buried depth, medium mining thickness and weak to semi-hard lithology of the overburden, the mining depth of the coal seam is large, the mining thickness of the ore bed is medium, and the lithology of the overburden is weak to semi-hard. Therefore, it is theoretically concluded that there are "three zones" in the vertical section of the surface deformation, and that the surface deformation in the study area will be relatively serious. (2) the probability integral method is used in this paper. The ground subsidence, inclination, movement and deformation caused by underground mining in the study area and the whole mine field are predicted and calculated by the software "Surface Movement and deformation Prediction system", and the prediction results are analyzed concretely. The surface deformation in different periods is compared, the contour map of ground subsidence and the contour cloud map of horizontal deformation are made, and the law of surface deformation in the study area is summarized by analyzing the characteristics of the figure. The results show that the isoline is closed ellipse, and the center deformation value is the largest, and the deformation value decreases gradually from the inside out, that is, the vertical settlement of the center of the goaf is the largest. The conclusion that the horizontal deformation is minimum. It is also known that the action of different mining faces on the overlying strata is mutually affected. The surface deformation in the same area of the ground is the result of the superposition of the surface deformation caused by several mining faces. (3) combined with the prediction result of the surface deformation in the study area, this paper marks the area that may cause the crack collapse in the contour map of the surface deformation. In view of the related geological disasters such as collapse and fracture caused by well mining in the study area, the corresponding prevention and control engineering measures are put forward with emphasis on the disaster-prone areas. In order to reduce the damage caused by surface collapse and ground fissure in the future mining process of Pojianghaizi coal mine, it provides a strong prevention and cure foundation.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD325;P642.2

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