矿井随钻地震方法实验研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 17:05

本文选题：随钻地震　切入点：随钻振动录井　出处：《中国矿业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随钻地震方法是将钻头与地层作用产生的震动作为震源的一种新型地震勘探方法,在广义上可以分为随钻振动录井、钻头随钻地震(DB-SWD)和随钻VSP三种技术类别,本文对随钻振动录井进行了多种的实验,并对钻头随钻地震作出理论探讨。首先,介绍了岩石的力学性质,尤其是与钻具作用密切的弹性、强度、塑性、硬度。又对钻头冲击、切削岩石的运动机制和和受力分析情况做出探讨,具体分析了对应着冲击—切削、切削围岩运动模式的两种典型钻头牙轮钻头与PDC钻头。阐述了钻柱振动的三种基本形式,即:纵向振动、扭转振动和横向振动,对其运动规律和固有频率计算进行了分析。在随钻地震信号的处理方法这一环节,重点研究了短时傅立叶变换与相关分析两种分析方法,并提出了实际可行的应用步骤。通过给时域振动信号进行加滑动窗进行快速傅里叶变换来实时地计算随钻地震信号的频谱图,实现时—频信号的对应。通过自相关算法可提取随钻地震信号的时域波形特征,使用互相关算法把地层直达波、反射波信号从杂乱的钻柱参考信号中提取出来。并对具有时延性的底层反射波信号进行整形处理。开发了随钻地震的采集仪器与应用软件,并在室内实验场和矿井巷道中进行了实验研究。通过实验数据分析结果对不同岩性的分层判定作出解释,并对频率域信号中的有效成分从干扰噪声中提取出来,确定分析钻机振动和岩性识别的频带分布范围。现场煤层钻探实验,可以识别煤层、夹矸与顶底板。提出随钻地震方法应用的注意细节。
[Abstract]:Seismic while drilling method is to produce vibration of drill bit and formation effect as a new seismic exploration method of source, can be divided into drilling vibration logging in a broad sense, the drill bit drilling seismic while drilling (DB-SWD) and VSP three technology categories, based on the drilling of a vibration logging experiment, and drill for drilling seismic make theoretical discussion. Firstly, the mechanical properties of rocks, especially the close and drill effect elasticity, plasticity, strength, hardness and impact. The drill, force and motion mechanism of rock cutting analysis on the concrete analysis of the corresponding impact - cutting, cutting rock movement the two typical bit and PDC bit. Introduces the three basic forms, namely: the longitudinal vibration of drillstring vibration, torsional vibration and lateral vibration, the motion law and natural frequency are analyzed. In the drilling. Processing method of seismic signal in this part focuses on the short-term Fu Liye transform and correlation analysis of two kinds of analysis methods, and puts forward the practical application steps. By adding a sliding window to compute with the spectrum of drilling seismic signal using the fast Fourier transform to the vibration signal, the corresponding frequency signal to achieve time through the self correlation algorithm can be extracted with the waveform features of drilling seismic signal, using a cross-correlation algorithm to the formation of direct wave, reflected wave signal from a reference signal extracted from the drill column. And the ductility of the bottom layer with reflection wave signal shaping processing. With the development and application of drilling seismic acquisition instrument software the experiments were carried out using indoor test field and mine roadway. Through analysis of experimental data of different lithology determine hierarchical explanation, and the signal in the frequency domain The effective components are extracted from the interference noise, and the frequency distribution range of the drilling machine vibration and lithology identification is determined. The field coal seam drilling experiment can identify the coal seam, the gangue and the roof and floor.

【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4

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