机载弱磁信号检测平台的磁干扰补偿方法

发布时间：2018-03-24 11:08

本文选题：飞机磁干扰建模　切入点：磁补偿算法　出处：《电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在航空磁异常探测中,飞机本身硬磁材料产生的固有磁场、软磁材料磁化产生的感应磁场以及飞机切割地磁场产生的涡流磁场,都会对磁力仪的测量产生干扰。要探测的目标在飞机飞行高度处所产生的信号磁场可能比飞机产生的干扰磁场小很多,因此对飞机平台进行磁干扰补偿是航空磁探测的关键技术之一。本文提出的补偿算法是基于标量磁力仪测量的总磁场和矢量磁力仪测量的地磁场方向,是一种软补偿方法。首先,通过分析飞机产生的各种磁干扰类型和特性,建立了干扰磁场数学模型,并对特征干扰函数之间的复共线性进行了分析。为了获得求解补偿系数所需要的实测数据,设定了校准飞行路线,一般是一个沿顺时针方向飞行的四边形,飞机在四边形的每条边上飞行时,依次做摇摆、俯仰和偏航三组机动性动作,标量和矢量磁力仪同步采集数据。然后,提出了利用加权匹配法和岭估计技术求解补偿系数的算法,当加权函数选取为特征干扰函数时就是传统的最小二乘法或迦辽金法,而岭估计技术一般可以获得比最小二乘法更好的结果。进一步,提出了一种先对总场和特征干扰函数进行滤波处理,再同时求解补偿系数和背景磁场的循环迭代算法。大量仿真表明,这些算法可以获得较好的补偿效果最后,开展了大量的外场半实物仿真实验,利用所获得的实验数据验证了补偿算法的可靠性和实用性,补偿后的品质因数一般能达到100pT以下的水平,可满足一般的工程要求。论文阐述的磁补偿数学建模、补偿系数求解算法以及外场模拟实验方法和结论,对下一步开展实际的飞机平台磁干扰补偿试验有指导意义。
[Abstract]:In aeromagnetic anomaly detection, the inherent magnetic field produced by the hard magnetic material of the aircraft itself, the inductive magnetic field caused by the magnetization of the soft magnetic material and the eddy current magnetic field caused by the plane's cutting geomagnetic field, Will interfere with the measurements of the magnetometer. The signal magnetic field generated by the target at the altitude of the plane may be much smaller than the magnetic field generated by the aircraft. Therefore, compensation for magnetic interference on aircraft platform is one of the key technologies in aeromagnetic detection. The compensation algorithm proposed in this paper is based on the total magnetic field measured by scalar magnetometer and the direction of geomagnetic field measured by vector magnetometer. It is a soft compensation method. Firstly, by analyzing the types and characteristics of various magnetic disturbances produced by aircraft, a mathematical model of interference magnetic field is established. The complex collinearity between the characteristic interference functions is analyzed. In order to obtain the measured data needed to solve the compensation coefficient, a calibrated flight path is set up, which is generally a quadrilateral flying clockwise. As the plane flies on each side of the quadrilateral, it does three sets of maneuvering actions in turn: swing, pitch and yaw. Scalar and vector magnetometers synchronize data collection. Then, This paper presents an algorithm for calculating compensation coefficients by using weighted matching method and ridge estimation technique. When the weighted function is selected as the characteristic interference function, it is the traditional least square method or Galerkin method. The ridge estimation technique can generally obtain better results than the least square method. Furthermore, a new method for filtering the total field and the characteristic interference function is proposed. A large number of simulations show that these algorithms can obtain better compensation effect. Finally, a large number of hardware-in-the-loop simulation experiments are carried out. The reliability and practicability of the compensation algorithm are verified by the experimental data obtained. The quality factor after compensation can generally reach the level of 100pT, which can meet the general engineering requirements. The algorithm of calculating compensation coefficient and the method and conclusion of field simulation experiment can be used to guide the practical test of magnetic interference compensation for aircraft platform.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.222

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