基于天然气水合物勘探的多探管触探关键技术及数据融合研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 23:39

本文选题：天然气水合物　切入点：多功能静力触探　出处：《中国地质大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：天然气水合物由于其蕴藏的特殊性,勘探方法主要采用保压取芯和测井方法,其目的是既保留天然气水合物的原始物性又能实地测量含天然气水合物地层物理性质。这对钻具和测量环节都提出了较高的要求。如何针对我国天然气水合物勘探开发的实际情况结合国外先进技术,研究用于快速高效获取原位地层信息的新的勘探技术就显得非常必要。本论文根据深水海底天然气水合物勘探的需要,依托国家重大专项,研究了用于天然气水合物勘探的多探管静力触探设备,多功能静力触探的数据处理与融合,天然气水合物测井曲线的多尺度分析与融合,小波分析用于存储层的划分,测量曲线数据融合的鲁棒性分析。主要研究过程和取得的成果如下:(1)论述了天然气水合物勘探所涉及的相关勘探技术,进而引出多功能静力触探,小波理论,多尺度分析,数据融合等理论。论述了小波分析用于测井曲线的处理,包括测井曲线小波滤波处理,小波分析用于存储层的划分,多功能多探管技术用于深水天然气勘探以及测井数据融合的鲁棒性分析。(2)针对天然气水合物的埋藏特殊性,对天然气水合物勘探所涉及的多功能触探探头和探管进行了研究。设计采用孔压静力触探(CPTU)加接多功能探管(电阻率、波速、自然伽马)勘探工艺,重点考虑防腐、耐压、密封以及减少信号传输时的干扰问题。(3)针对天然气水合物勘探的静力触探探头+测井多探管模式,设计采用开放的分布式测控网络拓扑结构。实现地面检测主机+智能控制总线+探头、探管的分布式测量系统,实现对多探头的锥尖阻力、侧壁摩擦力、孔隙水压力以及声波波速、电阻率和自然伽马探管数据的实时采集、存储、处理和显示等。(4)对CPTU用于地层划分的理论和方法进行了论述,通过对CPTU测量曲线采用平滑滤波,消除奇异点,以及测量曲线的最优分割实现曲线的多尺度分析,采用通过求取CPTU曲线的最优加权因子方法对CPTU曲线进行融合,实现了不同地层的划分,并取得较好的效果。(5)针对触探和测井数据的离散性特征,通过对连续小波变换、离散小波变换和二进小波变换的研究。在此基础上分析了用于测井数据融合的多分辨率特性和二尺度方程。认为测井数据融合所用小波基必须具有正交性、正则性、紧支性、对称性等性质。(6)研究了测井曲线的小波变换方法,并根据边缘检测理论,构建了边缘检测最优分割算法,实现了测井曲线的小波多尺度分析,在此基础上构造了测井曲线地层划分多尺度小波分析算法,并用此算法实现了对胜利油田某油井的含噪测井信号进行小波滤波处理和多尺度分析。结合测井信号特点,找出了用于不同的测井曲线进行地层最佳划分的小波基与小波分解次数。并将此理论应用于祁连山冻土区天然气水合物探孔测井数据的融合与分析,实现了存储层和地层的自动分层。(7)尝试将多功能多探管静力触探技术用于天然气勘探实践中,对其相关技术、工艺、静力触探和测井响应特点进行了研究分析,并对触探和测井曲线进行了融合分析。实验证实,该技术用于浅层天然气勘探完全可行,触探、测井响应良好,可准确确定存储层的位置,地层划分准确。(8)采用极小值最优控制理论,对测井曲线受到外界的不确定性干扰时,其数据融合后,如何准确估计原始未知信号的问题进行了分析。在分析时将此问题等价为在一个动态系统驱动下的半无限规划问题,给出了一个近似离散化方法,减少了约束的个数,降低了计算的复杂度,并通过实例说明了该方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:Due to the particularity of natural gas hydrate reserves, exploration method mainly adopts pressure coring and logging method, its purpose is to retain the original properties of natural gas hydrate and field measurements of gas hydrate formations. The physical properties of the drilling tool and the measurement process are put forward higher requirements. How to according to the actual situation of natural China's gas hydrate exploration and development with foreign advanced technology, it is very necessary to study for fast and efficient access to information in situ formation of new exploration technology. This paper based on the deep water exploration of natural gas hydrate needs, relying on major national projects, for natural gas hydrate exploration multi probe CPT equipment research, multi the function of static sounding data processing and fusion, multi scale gas hydrate logging curve analysis and fusion, wavelet analysis is used to divide the storage layer, measurement Robustness analysis of curve data fusion. The main research and achievements are as follows: (1) discusses the exploration technology of natural gas hydrate exploration involved, which leads to multi function CPT, wavelet theory, multi-scale analysis, data fusion theory. The wavelet analysis is used to deal with logging curves, including wavelet filter logging curve processing, wavelet analysis is used to divide the storage layer, multi function and multi probe technique for analysis of deepwater natural gas exploration and well logging data fusion robustness. (2) according to the particularity of buried gas hydrate, multifunctional penetration probe of natural gas hydrate exploration and probe were studied. The design of the Piezocone Penetration Test (CPTU) is connected with the multifunctional probe (resistivity, wave velocity, gamma ray) exploration technology, focus on anti-corrosion, pressure, sealing and reduce the interference signal transmission at . (3) according to the static sounding probe + logging of natural gas hydrate exploration multi probe model, adopts the design of topology structure of distributed measurement and control network. The realization of open ground detection host + intelligent control bus + probe on distributed measurement system pipe, realize tip resistance of the probe, side wall friction, water pressure and the acoustic velocity of pore, resistivity and gamma ray tube probe real-time acquisition, data storage, processing and display. (4) for CPTU on the theory and methods of stratigraphic classification are discussed, based on the CPTU curve by smoothing filtering, eliminating singular point, multi-scale analysis and curve segmentation and optimal curve by calculating the optimal weighted factor, using the methods of CPTU curve CPTU curve for fusion, which can realize the different strata, and achieved good results. (5) according to the discrete sounding and logging data Based on the characteristics of the continuous wavelet transform, discrete wavelet transform and the research into two wavelet transform. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of logging for multi-resolution data fusion and two scale equation. That logging data fusion with wavelet must have orthogonality, regularity, compact support, symmetry properties (6. Wavelet transform) method to study the logging curve, and according to the theory of edge detection, construct the optimal edge detection segmentation algorithm, the wavelet analysis of logging curve multi-scale, was constructed based on log stratigraphic division and multi-scale wavelet analysis algorithm, and this algorithm of wavelet analysis and multiscale filtering the noisy signal logging Shengli Oilfield wells. Combined with logging signal characteristics, find out the wavelet levels for different logging curves of optimal partition with wavelet decomposition and the number of times. The theory used in the permafrost region of the Qilian Mountains of natural gas hydrate exploration and analysis of fusion hole logging data, realize the automatic hierarchical storage layer and stratum. (7) to multi probe CPT technology for natural gas exploration in the practice, the related technologies, processes, and logging response characteristics of CPT were studied analysis and penetration and logging curves are analyzed. The fusion experiments confirmed that the technology for shallow gas exploration is entirely feasible, good penetration, logging response, can accurately determine the location of the storage layer, accurate stratigraphic division. (8) the minimum value of the optimal control theory by the logging curves the uncertainty of external interference when the data fusion, how to accurately estimate the original unknown signal are analyzed. In the analysis of this problem is equivalent to a semi infinite gauge in a dynamic drive system under the planning problem is given An approximate discretization method, reduces the number of constraints, reduce computational complexity, and the effectiveness of the method is illustrated by an example.

【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P618.13

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