黄土塬地震勘探多次波分析与压制研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 00:17

本文选题：多次波　切入点：多次波识别　出处：《中国矿业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：多次波干扰是一种在地震勘探资料中常见的规则干扰,由于黄土塬地区黄土层巨厚,地震波在黄土层中波阻抗与基岩波阻抗差异很大,所以该地区多次波极其发育。多次波的存在,一方面压制了有效波的能量,降低了信噪比,另一方面混淆有效波,容易造成错误的地质推断。多次波的识别和压制一直是地震资料处理中关键的环节。因此,研究黄土塬地区多次波识别与压制研究,就有非常重要的应用价值。本文从多次波的产生机理和分类出发,通过建立正演模型,分析常规地面地震勘探和VSP勘探的单炮记录可以发现,黄土塬地区多次波极其发育,严重影响了地震资料的信噪比,对黄土塬地区的地震资料进行多次波压制是很有必要的。系统的介绍了多种识别多次波的方法和目前主流的预测反褶积、F-K滤波、Radon变换以及SRME等方法,并介绍了各种方法所依据的原理、算法,分析了适用条件、压制效果以及优缺点等。以黄土塬地层信息为依据,建立了正演地质模型来分析黄土塬地区的多次波波场特征,并从多角度识别模型中的多次波。针对黄土塬地区复杂地层产生的多类型多次波,提出了联合压制多次波方案,结合实际应用系统的论述了该方案的设计原则。在此基础上,针对黄土塬的资料特征,设计了联合应用预测反褶积、f-k滤波、Radon变换滤波的方案,充分利用这三种方法的优点,优化多次波的压制处理。针对正演模型模拟的数据,应用设计的联合压制多次波方案,对正演地质模型模拟的地震记录中的多次波干扰进行了优化处理,表现出比单一压制方法更优的效果。并应用于实际资料多次波的压制,也取得了较好的效果,表明该设计方案有一定的应用价值。
[Abstract]:Multiple wave interference is a kind of regular interference in seismic exploration data. Because of the huge thickness of loess layer in loess plateau, the wave impedance of seismic wave in loess layer is very different from that of bedrock wave, so the multiple wave is extremely developed in this area.The existence of multiple waves, on the one hand, suppresses the energy of effective waves, reduces the signal-to-noise ratio, on the other hand, confuses the effective waves, which can easily lead to wrong geological inference.The identification and suppression of multiple waves is always a key step in seismic data processing.Therefore, it is very important to study the identification and suppression of multiple waves in Loess Plateau.Based on the generation mechanism and classification of multiple waves, this paper analyzes the single shot records of conventional ground seismic exploration and VSP exploration by establishing forward modeling. It can be found that multiple waves are extremely developed in the loess plateau area, which seriously affects the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.It is necessary to suppress seismic data in Loess Plateau.This paper systematically introduces several methods of identifying multiple waves and the current mainstream methods of predicting deconvolution F-K filter Radon transform and SRME, and introduces the principle and algorithm of these methods, and analyzes the applicable conditions, suppression effect, advantages and disadvantages, and so on.Based on the stratigraphic information of loess plateau, a forward geological model is established to analyze the characteristics of multiple waves in loess plateau, and to identify multiple waves in the model from multiple angles.In view of the multiple types of multiple waves produced by complex strata in the Loess Plateau, a scheme of combined suppression of multiple waves is put forward, and the design principles of the scheme are discussed in combination with the practical application system.On this basis, according to the data characteristics of loess plateau, a scheme of combined application of predictive deconvolution filtering with f-k filter and Radon transform is designed, which makes full use of the advantages of these three methods and optimizes the suppression of multiple waves.Based on the data of forward model simulation, this paper optimizes the treatment of multiple interference in seismic records of forward geological model simulation by using the designed combined suppression multiple scheme, which shows better effect than single suppression method.It has been applied to the suppression of multiple waves of practical data, and has achieved good results, which shows that the design scheme has certain application value.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4

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