基于约束的微地震信号定位方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 17:43

本文选题：油气藏　切入点：微地震监测　出处：《电子科技大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：微地震监测技术在油气藏资源开发中发挥着重要的作用。微地震监测技术通过对已知观测数据的分析,对微地震事件进行定位,用以分析地下的形态结构或指导油气藏开发。微地震定位技术作为微地震监测技术的核心部分,一直以来都是该领域研究的重点和难点。现有的微地震定位方法定位精度低、实现效率差、生产成本高,无法满足实际生产的需要。本文针对现有微地震定位方法的缺陷,提出一种基于交叉验证的速度模型自适应调节的方法和一种广义线性反演和源扫描结合的微地震定位方法。本文的主要工作如下:1.提出了一种基于交叉验证的速度模型自适应调节的方法。高效准确地构建速度模型是提高微地震定位精度的先决条件。现有很多微地震定位方法都采用人工调节参数(如初始速度、模型参数等)的方式构建速度模型,在效率和精度上都无法满足实际生产的需求。为此,本文提出一种基于交叉验证的速度模型自适应调节的方法,该方法每次选取不同的射孔点建立速度模型对剩余的射孔点进行定位,重复多次,以定位误差的倒数作为权重对所有组的参数进行加权叠加,实现速度模型的自适应调节。理论数据和实际数据结果表明经过自适应调节的速度模型可以得到较好的定位结果。2.提出了一种广义线性反演和源扫描结合的微地震定位方法。现有的微地震定位方法有两类:广义线性反演和源扫描。广义线性反演实现速度快,对水平方向定位精度较高,但是对垂直方向定位效果不佳;源扫描法在三维空间上搜索能产生与观测初至最相似的位置,定位精度相对较高但效率低下。本文提出广义线性反演和源扫描法结合的微地震定位方法,该方法首先利用广义线性反演对震源的水平方向位置求解,再利用源扫描法对震源的垂直方向位置求解,从而结合了两种方法在效率和精度上的优势,能高效地获得高精度的微地震事件定位结果,通过实际数据测试验证了提出方法的有效性。综上,本文利用交叉验证的方法实现了速度模型的自适应调节,高效准确地构建了速度模型;利用广义线性反演和源扫描结合的微地震定位方法对微地震事件进行定位,定位精度高,实现速度快。
[Abstract]:Microseismic monitoring technology plays an important role in the development of oil and gas reservoir resources.The microseismic monitoring technique can locate the microseismic events by analyzing the known observation data, which can be used to analyze the underground morphology and structure or to guide the development of oil and gas reservoirs.As the core of micro-seismic monitoring technology, micro-seismic location technology has been the focus and difficulty of this field.The existing micro-seismic localization methods have low positioning accuracy, low efficiency and high production cost, so they can not meet the needs of actual production.In this paper, a speed model adaptive adjustment method based on cross validation and a microseismic location method based on generalized linear inversion and source scanning are proposed to overcome the shortcomings of existing microseismic localization methods.The main work of this paper is as follows: 1.A speed model adaptive adjustment method based on cross-validation is proposed.Constructing velocity model efficiently and accurately is a prerequisite to improve the accuracy of micro-seismic location.At present, many micro-seismic localization methods use manual adjustment parameters (such as initial velocity, model parameters, etc.) to construct velocity model, which can not meet the demand of actual production in efficiency and precision.In this paper, a speed model adaptive adjustment method based on cross validation is proposed. Each time a different perforating point is selected to establish a velocity model to locate the remaining perforation points, the method is repeated many times.All the parameters of the group are weighted and superimposed with the reciprocal of the location error as the weight to realize the adaptive adjustment of the velocity model.The results of theoretical and practical data show that the adaptive speed model can get better localization results.A microseismic location method combining generalized linear inversion and source scanning is proposed.There are two kinds of microseismic localization methods: generalized linear inversion and source scanning.Generalized linear inversion is fast and accurate for horizontal orientation, but it is not good for vertical orientation. The source scanning method can search for the most similar position to the observed first arrival in three-dimensional space.The positioning accuracy is relatively high but the efficiency is low.In this paper, a micro-seismic location method combining generalized linear inversion and source scanning is proposed. In this method, the horizontal location of the source is first solved by generalized linear inversion, and then the vertical position of the source is solved by the source scanning method.Combining the advantages of the two methods in the efficiency and accuracy, the high precision micro-seismic event location results can be obtained efficiently, and the validity of the proposed method is verified by the actual data test.In summary, this paper realizes the adaptive adjustment of the velocity model by cross-validation, constructs the velocity model efficiently and accurately, and uses the micro-seismic location method combined with generalized linear inversion and source scanning to locate the micro-seismic events.The positioning accuracy is high and the speed is fast.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P631.4

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