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柴达木盆地柴西地区新近系油砂地质特征及成藏模式

发布时间:2018-04-06 03:30

  本文选题:油砂 切入点:地质特征 出处:《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文


【摘要】:随经济快速发展,世界各国对能源的需求日渐上升,有限的常规油气供应与人们日常生活需求间的缺口日益增大,非常规油气资源的勘探开发已迫在眉睫。作为非常规油气资源家族重要成员之一的油砂,因其与常规油气藏的密切关系及巨大的资源潜力,逐步受到重视。柴达木盆地油砂资源丰富,主要分布在盆地内西部及北缘地区,地面可见有较多油砂露头及油苗出露。新一轮油气资源评价显示,盆地油砂地质资源量达4.94×108t,具有良好的开发前景。但整体勘探程度较低,对油砂地质特征及分布规律与成藏等认识不清,本文以盆地西部地区新近系油砂为例进行讨论分析,希望对区域乃至整个盆地的油砂勘探开发提供参考。 野外地质调查表明,柴西地区新近系油砂主要分布在油砂山、干柴沟、南翼山等构造高部位,纵向上主要发育层位为中新统下油砂山组、上油砂山组,,局部狮子沟组中也见有少量分布。油砂山构造下油砂山组岩石学分析表明,油砂储层岩性主要为岩屑长石砂岩、长石砂岩及长石岩屑砂岩,岩石碎屑颗粒含量在77%~97%,碎屑颗粒主要为石英(20%~60%)、长石(10%~55%)及岩屑(5%~40%),局部可见较多的云母碎屑,填隙物主要为钙质胶结物及泥质杂基等,含量在5%~18%左右。岩石成分成熟度与结构成熟度均较低,反映原始沉积物质搬运距离较短。成岩作用分析表明,其大致处于中成岩A-B期。区域沉积演化及粒度特征反映下油砂山组油砂储层主要为三角洲平原沉积。储层物性分析表明,平均孔隙度16.18%,平均空气渗透率60.81mD,属中低孔中低渗储层。 对油砂抽提物进行物性分析、族组分分离与色质谱分析。结果表明,油砂抽提物族组分中饱和烃含量较高(47.48%~58.08%,平均52.78%),20℃时密度为1.01g/cm3,粘度为1976~2010mPa.s,具有高密度、低粘度的特征。生物标志化合物分析表明,下油砂山组油砂对应源岩为古近系+新近系,是较强还原环境下的咸水沉积,有机质来源以低等水生生物为主,成熟度为低成熟为成熟,油砂后期生物降解或氧化作用程度较低。 对柴西地区新近系油砂成矿条件与主控因素分析,总结了五个方面的成矿条件:(1)厚度大与分布广泛的有效烃源岩为油砂成矿提供物质基础;(2)储集物性与沉积相带双重控制油砂的分布范围及规模;(3)多种生储组合关系为油气聚集提供有利条件;(4)多旋回、多期次构造活动是油砂形成的重要因素;(5)干燥的气候条件及广泛发育的盐壳促进优质油砂的形成。在此基础上,归纳了新近系油砂成矿模式:在晚期喜山运动的作用下,早期形成的油藏保存条件遭到破坏,或直接被抬升至地表,原油遭受氧化或生物降解等次生变化形成油砂,区域上干燥的气候及广泛发育的盐壳为油砂的保存提供了良好条件,促进了优质的新近系油砂矿藏的形成。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy , the demand of energy is increasing , the gap between the limited conventional oil and gas supply and daily life demand is increasing , and the exploration and exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources has become urgent . As an important member of unconventional oil and gas resources , the oil sands in Qaidam Basin have been widely regarded as one of the important members of unconventional oil and gas resources .

The field geological survey shows that the new oil sands in Shixi area are mainly distributed in the high places such as oil sand mountain , dry firewood ditch , south wing mountain and so on . The main development horizon in the longitudinal direction is the lower oil sand hill group , the upper oil sand hill group and the local Shizugou formation . The petrological analysis shows that the oil sand reservoir lithology is mainly composed of quartz ( 20 % ~ 60 % ) , feldspar ( 10 % ~ 55 % ) and rock dust ( 5 % ~ 40 % ) . The analysis of diagenesis indicates that the oil sand reservoir in the oil sand hill group is mainly in delta plain . The reservoir property analysis shows that the average porosity is 16.18 % , the average air permeability is 60.81mD , and the low permeability reservoir in the middle and low porosity .

The results show that the content of saturated hydrocarbon in the oil sands extraction is high ( 47.48 % 锝

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